This is one of two papers in this volume to report on the result of the Care System Assessment Demonstration (CSAD) Project conducted in Orange County, California. Latino and African American residents of Orange County who were aware of being HIV positive but who were not in care were targeted for this assessment. The basic questions were: Why are these people not in care? and What can we do to get them into care? The project used selected Rapid Assessment, Response, and Evaluation (RARE) methods (described in chapter 5) to retrieve information from HIV-positive Latinos and African Americans both in and out of care, cultural experts, service providers, and administrators to find the answers. Latinos and African Americans who were out of care responded in the most similar ways, of all the groups of respondents.