Pancreatitis can develop as a complication of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Steroids are considered one of the possible causes of this complication, but the pathological mechanism is unclear. We describe an autopsy case of a 29-year-old woman with cytomegalovirus (CMV) associated pancreatitis that developed during steroid therapy for her SLE. Many parenchymal cells with cytomegalic inclusions were seen in the patient's pancreas, especially in lesions showing active inflammation, and transcripts of CMV major immediate-early and late genes, markers of active viral replication, were detected. These findings suggest that CMV played an etiological role in the pancreatic disorder.