Theme: Guide to community preventive serviceEffectiveness of Interventions to Increase Screening for Breast, Cervical, and Colorectal Cancers: Nine Updated Systematic Reviews for the Guide to Community Preventive Services
Section snippets
Context
Cancer is the second-leading cause of death in the U.S.1 According to U.S. Cancer Statistics,2 more than 560,000 people died from cancer in 2007. Screening reduces cancer mortality, and in some cases, incidence from breast, cervical, and colorectal cancers.3, 4, 5 The U.S. Preventive Services Task Force recommends age-appropriate screening for breast cancer with mammography; cervical cancer with Pap tests; and colorectal cancers with fecal occult blood test (FOBT), flexible sigmoidoscopy, or
Evidence Acquisition
Methods for conducting the original Community Guide systematic reviews of interventions to increase breast, cervical, and colorectal cancer screening are described elsewhere.21 These methods were followed for the current updates with the exception of adaptations described in this section.
Analytic frameworks for the three primary strategies assessed through updated reviews are shown in Figure 1, Figure 2, Figure 3. These frameworks are unchanged from those used in the original reviews with the
Definition
Group education conveys information about indications for, benefits of, and ways to overcome barriers to screening with goals of informing, encouraging, and motivating participants to seek recommended screening. Group education usually is conducted by health professionals or by trained lay people who use presentations or other teaching aids in lectures or interactive formats; they often incorporate role modeling or other methods. Group education can be given to a variety of groups, in different
Discussion
These reviews update the evidence base underlying Task Force recommendations for nine interventions to increase community demand, enhance community access, and increase provider delivery of recommended cancer screening services. Recommendations were expanded to include interventions using one-on-one education to increase colorectal cancer screening with FOBT and group education to increase mammography screening. Further, the Task Force upgraded the strength of evidence for client reminder
References (140)
- et al.
Trends in colorectal cancer screening disparities in people aged 50–64 years, 2000–2005
Am J Prev Med
(2008) - et al.
Prevalence and correlates of recent and repeat mammography among California women ages 55–79
Cancer Epidemiol
(2010) - et al.
Intervention to increase recommendation and delivery of screening for breast, cervical, and colorectal cancers by healthcare providers: a systematic review of provider reminders
Am J Prev Med
(2010) - et al.
Client-directed interventions to increase community demand for breast, cervical, and colorectal cancer screening: a systematic review
Am J Prev Med
(2008) - et al.
Client-directed interventions to increase community access to breast, cervical, and colorectal cancer screening: a systematic review
Am J Prev Med
(2008) - et al.
Interventions to increase recommendation and delivery of screening for breast, cervical, and colorectal cancers by healthcare providers: systematic reviews of provider assessment and feedback and provider incentives
Am J Prev Med
(2008) - et al.
Methods for conducting systematic reviews of evidence on effectiveness and economic efficiency of interventions to increase screening for breast, cervical, and colorectal cancers
Am J Prev Med
(2008) - et al.
Developing an evidence-based Guide to Community Preventive Services—methodsThe Task Force on Community Preventive Services
Am J Prev Med
(2000) - et al.
Results of a randomized trial to increase breast and cervical cancer screening among Filipino American women
Prev Med
(2003) - et al.
Por la vida model intervention enhances use of cancer screening tests among Latinas
Am J Prev Med
(1998)
The effect of telephone versus print tailoring for mammography adherence
Patient Educ Couns
Effects of a telephone counseling intervention on sisters of young women with breast cancer
Prev Med
Loss-framed minimal intervention increases mammography use
Womens Health Issues
Comparison of tailored interventions to increase mammography screening in nonadherent older women
Prev Med
Promoting mammography: results of a randomized trial of telephone counseling and a medical practice intervention
Am J Prev Med
Cancer Information Service-initiated outcalls to promote screening mammography among low-income and minority women: design and feasibility testing
Prev Med
Can tailored interventions increase mammography use among HMO women?
Am J Prev Med
Effects of a mammography decision-making intervention at 12 and 24 months
Am J Prev Med
Screening HMO women overdue for both mammograms and Pap tests
Prev Med
A randomized controlled trial comparing three invitation strategies in a breast cancer screening program
Prev Med
Effect of a cancer screening intervention conducted by lay health workers among inner-city women
Am J Prev Med
Personal contact from friends to increase mammography usage
Am J Prev Med
The impact of tailored interventions on a community health center population
Patient Educ Couns
Using tailored telephone counseling to accelerate the adoption of colorectal cancer screening
Cancer Detect Prev
Randomized controlled trial of a repeat mammography intervention: effect of adherence definitions on results
Prev Med
Interventions fail to increase cancer screening rates in community-based primary care practices
Prev Med
Improving preventive care at a medical clinic: how can the patient help?
Am J Prev Med
How much does a reminder letter increase cervical screening among under-screened women in NSW?
Aust N Z J Public Health
Deaths: final data for 2007
Natl Vital Stat Rep
U.S. Cancer Statistics: 1999–2007 incidence and mortality web-based report
Screening for cervical cancer, topic page
Screening for colorectal cancer, topic page
Screening for breast cancer, topic page
Health, U.S. 2009: with special feature on medical technology
Trends in colorectal cancer test use among vulnerable populations in the U.S.
Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev
Enhancing the use and quality of colorectal cancer screening, evidence report/technology assessment no. 190
Vital signs: colorectal cancer screening, incidence, and mortality—U.S., 2002–2010
MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep
Cancer screening—U.S., 2010
MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep
Correlates of repeat and recent mammography for women ages 45 to 75 in the 2002 to 2003 Health Information National Trends Survey (HINTS 2003)
Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev
Data and trends in cancer screening in the United States: Results from the 2005 National Health Interview Survey
Cancer
Disparities in mammography use among U.S. women aged 40–64 years, by race, ethnicity, income, and health insurance status
Med Care
Association of insurance with cancer care utilization and outcomes
CA Cancer J Clin
Methods used for reviewing evidence and linking evidence to recommendations
Increasing screening mammography in asymptomatic women: evaluation of a second-generation, theory-based program
Health Psychol
Strategies to encourage mammography use among women in senior citizens' housing facilities
J Cancer Educ
Improving breast cancer control among Latinas: evaluation of a theory-based educational program
Health Educ Behav
Outcomes of the Learn, Share & Live breast cancer education program for older urban women
Am J Public Health
Effects of breast cancer risk counseling for sexual minority women
Health Care Women Int
Breast cancer prevention with older women: a gender-focused intervention study
Health Care Women Int
Participation and program outcomes in a church-based cancer prevention program for Hispanic women
J Community Health
Cited by (0)
Dr. Wilson was affiliated with the Division of Cancer Prevention and Control, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, CDC, and Dr. Melvin was affiliated with The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill when this research was completed.
Names and affiliations of Task Force members are available at www.thecommunityguide.org/about/task-force-members.html.