Reliability of the CES-D scale in different ethnic contexts☆
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2022, Journal of Affective DisordersCitation Excerpt :Depressive symptoms were assessed with the 20-item Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale (CES-D) in the SWAN, a well-validated measure with reliability in ethnically diverse populations that is widely used in epidemiological studies. The standard cut-off point for CES-D is 16, and a score of 16 or higher has been defined as indicative of clinically significant depressive symptomatology (Roberts, 1980). Dietary data were obtained at baseline via a modified 1995 Block interviewer-assisted food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) (Block et al., 1986; Subar et al., 2001) with 103 food items, on the basis of responses of Caucasians and African Americans in the Second National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) (Block et al., 1986; Block et al., 1992).
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This research was supported in part by a grant No. MH 30118 from the National Institute of Mental Health of the Alcohol, Drug Abuse, and Mental Health Administration. The author was recipient of Research Scientist Development Award No. KO2-MH 00047 from the same agency during this research. Appreciation is expressed to John Stevenson, who provided assistance with analyses of the data.