The clinical significance of transaminase activities of serum

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      Since AST and ALT are abundantly expressed in liver cells, they are usually regarded as liver enzymes. Thus, their serum activity has been generally recognized as a tool to detect liver disease due to the release from damaged liver cells into the blood (Wroblewski, 1959). Plenty of studies have reported that the level of AST and ALT was enhanced in liver I/R injury (Lin et al., 2020; Shen et al., 2020).

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      Furthermore, extra choline supplementation may be beneficial to mitigate the harmful effects of a high-fat diet on growth. ALT and AST are quantitatively the most important aminotransferases in fish and are commonly recognized as a valuable tool for indications of tissue damage (Wroblewski, 1959; Wroblewski and Ladue, 1956a,b). The elevated plasma AST and ALT levels in experimental fish fed the diet consisting of 11% lipid and 1200 mg kg− 1 choline supplementation suggest that there was a release of intracellular enzymes into the blood (Cheng and Kong, 2011), possibly indicating damage to membranes of hepatocytes from oxidative stress and further lipid peroxidation.

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      In particular, subjects with elevations of AST and ALT had significant increase in aminotransferases when treated with high-dose of arginine. While serum aminotransferase levels are a sensitive indicator of hepatic cell injury, their elevations can be found in conditions not involving the liver such as disorders of skeletal muscle [12–14]. Our data cannot conclusively prove that the liver was the source for elevated levels of elevated ALT and AST.

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    Supported in part by National Cancer Institute Grant C-4251.

    1

    From the Division of Clinical Investigation, Sloan-Kettering Institute and the Department of Medicine, Memorial Center for Cancer and Allied Diseases, New York, New York.

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