Marginal Effect of Maturity on Utilization Measures (P Value) | ||
---|---|---|
Intermediate-Stage Domain | Late-Stage Domain | |
Diabetes mellitus | ||
Total utilization* | ||
Health care organization | ||
Average across comorbidity statuses | 0.140 (.063) | 0.152 (.025) |
0 Comorbidities | 0.115 (.113) | 0.121 (.055) |
1 Comorbidity | 0.179 (.094) | 0.197 (.040) |
≥ 2 Comorbidities | 0.279 (.054) | 0.336 (.028) |
Delivery system redesign | ||
Average across comorbidity statuses | 0.026 (.435) | 0.102 (.066) |
0 Comorbidities | 0.043 (.124) | 0.091 (.054) |
1 Comorbidity | −0.007 (.906) | 0.097 (.222) |
≥ 2 Comorbidities | −0.016 (.907) | 0.234 (.301) |
Clinical information system | ||
Average across comorbidity statuses | 0.070 (.134) | −0.005 (.940) |
0 Comorbidities | 0.062 (.171) | 0.011 (.830) |
1 Comorbidity | 0.050 (.533) | −0.038 (.670) |
≥ 2 Comorbidities | 0.247 (.284) | −0.024 (.924) |
Decision support | ||
Average across comorbidity statuses | −0.180 (.001) | −0.218 (.000) |
0 Comorbidities | −0.194 (.001) | −0.248 (.000) |
1 Comorbidity | −0.182 (.082) | −0.204 (.098) |
≥ 2 Comorbidities | −0.063 (.797) | −0.015 (.947) |
Self-management system | ||
Average across comorbidity statuses | 0.103 (.007) | 0.149 (.011) |
0 Comorbidities | 0.129 (.001) | 0.166 (.003) |
1 Comorbidity | 0.117 (.116) | 0.160 (.101) |
≥ 2 Comorbidities | −0.207 (.095) | −0.036 (.877) |
Number of prescriptions* | ||
Health care organization | ||
Average across comorbidity statuses | −0.001 (.991) | −0.001 (.985) |
0 Comorbidities | −0.011 (.839) | −0.004 (.943) |
1 Comorbidity | 0.007 (.951) | 0.011 (.916) |
≥ 2 Comorbidities | −0.023 (.855) | −0.033 (.795) |
Delivery system redesign | ||
Average across comorbidity statuses | 0.037 (.330) | 0.160 (.015) |
0 Comorbidities | 0.036 (.368) | 0.107 (.102) |
1 Comorbidity | 0.041 (.508) | 0.263 (.008) |
≥ 2 Comorbidities | 0.101 (.179) | 0.383 (.001) |
Clinical information system | ||
Average across comorbidity statuses | 0.059 (.225) | 0.010 (.879) |
0 Comorbidities | 0.048 (.375) | 0.008 (.898) |
1 Comorbidity | 0.083 (.303) | 0.049 (.615) |
≥ 2 Comorbidities | 0.035 (.737) | −0.077 (.534) |
Decision support | ||
Average across comorbidity statuses | 0.012 (.816) | −0.101 (.089) |
0 Comorbidities | 0.087 (.133) | −0.060 (.328) |
1 Comorbidity | −0.135 (.113) | −0.184 (.055) |
≥ 2 Comorbidities | −0.194 (.026) | −0.205 (.077) |
Diabetes mellitus | ||
Number of prescriptions* | ||
Self-management system | ||
Average across comorbidity statuses | −0.009 (.849) | 0.054 (.412) |
0 Comorbidities | −0.018 (.706) | 0.090 (.192) |
1 Comorbidity | −0.015 (.817) | −0.044 (.668) |
≥ 2 Comorbidities | 0.042 (.618) | −0.033 (.805) |
Number of outpatient visits* | ||
Health care organization | ||
Average across comorbidity statuses | 0.160 (.108) | 0.150 (.097) |
0 Comorbidities | 0.121 (.282) | 0.125 (.228) |
1 Comorbidity | 0.175 (.098) | 0.130 (.149) |
≥ 2 Comorbidities | 0.457 (.000) | 0.452 (.000) |
Delivery system redesign | ||
Average across comorbidity statuses | 0.063 (.132) | 0.092 (.153) |
0 Comorbidities | 0.059 (.154) | 0.080 (.251) |
1 Comorbidity | 0.080 (.101) | 0.081 (.364) |
≥ 2 Comorbidities | 0.064 (.482) | 0.325 (.019) |
Clinical information system | ||
Average across comorbidity statuses | −0.083 (.101) | −0.303 (.000) |
0 Comorbidities | −0.064 (.211) | −0.316 (.000) |
1 Comorbidity | −0.140 (.145) | −0.266 (.003) |
≥ 2 Comorbidities | −0.024 (.842) | −0.258 (.063) |
Decision support | ||
Average across comorbidity statuses | −0.137 (.160) | −0.102 (.293) |
0 Comorbidities | −0.162 (.174) | −0.144 (.229) |
1 Comorbidity | −0.100 (.374) | −0.039 (.733) |
≥ 2 Comorbidities | −0.084 (.478) | 0.045 (.706) |
Self-management system | ||
Average across comorbidity statuses | 0.085 (.047) | 0.093 (.168) |
0 Comorbidities | 0.120 (.019) | 0.128 (.088) |
1 Comorbidity | 0.059 (.315) | 0.048 (.629) |
≥ 2 Comorbidities | −0.156 (.034) | −0.144 (.306) |
≥1 Inpatient admission† | ||
Health care organization | ||
Average across comorbidity statuses | 0.021 (.253) | 0.037 (.035) |
0 Comorbidities | 0.029 (.006) | 0.034 (.000) |
1 Comorbidity | 0.035 (.460) | 0.041 (.337) |
≥ 2 Comorbidities | −0.077 (.434) | 0.043 (.676) |
Delivery system redesign | ||
Average across comorbidity statuses | −0.003 (.749) | 0.005 (.674) |
0 Comorbidities | 0.002 (.765) | 0.009 (.469) |
1 Comorbidity | −0.025 (.326) | −0.030 (.408) |
≥ 2 Comorbidities | −0.005 (.951) | 0.066 (.525) |
Clinical information system | ||
Average across comorbidity statuses | 0.019 (.117) | 0.004 (.758) |
0 Comorbidities | −0.001 (.963) | −0.006 (.643) |
1 Comorbidity | 0.073 (.013) | 0.027 (.291) |
≥ 2 Comorbidities | 0.068 (.501) | 0.006 (.959) |
Diabetes mellitus | ||
≥1 Inpatient admission† | ||
Decision support | ||
Average across comorbidity statuses | −0.033 (.078) | −0.038 (.045) |
0 Comorbidities | −0.035 (.041) | −0.024 (.175) |
1 Comorbidity | −0.042 (.468) | −0.103 (.080) |
≥ 2 Comorbidities | 0.010 (.926) | 0.017 (.869) |
Self-management system | ||
Average across comorbidity statuses | 0.015 (.223) | 0.017 (.283) |
0 Comorbidities | 0.024 (.020) | 0.004 (.736) |
1 Comorbidity | 0.013 (.546) | 0.104 (.015) |
≥ 2 Comorbidities | −0.055 (.433) | −0.062 (.595) |
≥1 Emergency department visit† | ||
Health care organization | ||
Average across comorbidity statuses | 0.025 (.099) | 0.027 (.068) |
0 Comorbidities | 0.016 (.160) | 0.019 (.061) |
1 Comorbidity | −0.002 (.959) | −0.005 (.885) |
≥ 2 Comorbidities | 0.228 (.006) | 0.210 (.009) |
Delivery system redesign | ||
Average across comorbidity statuses | 0.016 (.192) | −0.020 (.264) |
0 Comorbidities | 0.025 (.033) | −0.005 (.793) |
1 Comorbidity | −0.009 (.755) | −0.078 (.038) |
≥ 2 Comorbidities | −0.016 (.706) | 0.004 (.939) |
Clinical information system | ||
Average across comorbidity statuses | 0.014 (.296) | 0.012 (.458) |
0 Comorbidities | 0.040 (.005) | 0.015 (.283) |
1 Comorbidity | −0.029 (.517) | 0.040 (.346) |
≥ 2 Comorbidities | −0.079 (.280) | −0.079 (.283) |
Decision support | ||
Average across comorbidity statuses | 0.003 (.882) | 0.020 (.386) |
0 Comorbidities | −0.047 (.005) | −0.028 (.150) |
1 Comorbidity | 0.098 (.059) | 0.124 (.028) |
≥ 2 Comorbidities | 0.114 (.210) | 0.094 (.301) |
Self-management system | ||
Average across comorbidity statuses | −0.014 (.317) | 0.009 (.653) |
0 Comorbidities | −0.007 (.628) | 0.013 (.563) |
1 Comorbidity | −0.007 (.822) | −0.002 (.971) |
≥ 2 Comorbidities | −0.093 (.065) | −0.007 (.926) |
Cardiovascular disease | ||
Total utilization* | ||
Health care organization | ||
Average across comorbidity statuses | 0.041 (.696) | 0.003 (.976) |
0 Comorbidities | 0.056 (.733) | 0.021 (.896) |
1 Comorbidity | −0.029 (.778) | −0.042 (.663) |
≥ 2 Comorbidities | 0.231 (.413) | 0.136 (.605) |
Delivery system redesign | ||
Average across comorbidity statuses | 0.001 (.988) | −0.066 (.638) |
0 Comorbidities | 0.062 (.495) | −0.036 (.800) |
1 Comorbidity | −0.098 (.262) | −0.321 (.157) |
≥ 2 Comorbidities | 0.055 (.741) | 0.425 (.076) |
Cardiovascular disease | ||
Total utilization* | ||
Clinical information system | ||
Average across comorbidity statuses | 0.097 (.330) | 0.065 (.601) |
No comorbidities | 0.105 (.351) | 0.040 (.760) |
One comorbidity | 0.224 (.146) | 0.339 (.055) |
Two or more comorbidities | −0.191 (.450) | −0.354 (.082) |
Decision support | ||
Average across comorbidity statuses | 0.013 (.923) | −0.003 (.982) |
0 Comorbidities | −0.038 (.825) | −0.048 (.753) |
1 Comorbidity | −0.079 (.680) | −0.142 (.467) |
≥ 2 Comorbidities | 0.197 (.516) | 0.256 (.453) |
Self-management system | ||
Average across comorbidity statuses | −0.038 (.697) | −0.021 (.866) |
0 Comorbidities | −0.093 (.482) | −0.112 (.474) |
1 Comorbidity | 0.142 (.279) | 0.256 (.176) |
≥ 2 Comorbidities | −0.221 (.335) | −0.355 (.298) |
Number of prescriptions* | ||
Health care organization | ||
Average across comorbidity statuses | −0.040 (.607) | −0.014 (.855) |
0 Comorbidities | 0.007 (.932) | 0.004 (.956) |
1 Comorbidity | −0.058 (.535) | −0.015 (.861) |
≥ 2 Comorbidities | −0.216 (.025) | −0.154 (.110) |
Delivery system redesign | ||
Average across comorbidity statuses | −0.083 (.057) | −0.149 (.072) |
0 Comorbidities | −0.180 (.001) | −0.267 (.008) |
1 Comorbidity | −0.021 (.734) | −0.123 (.285) |
≥ 2 Comorbidities | 0.186 (.039) | 0.273 (0036) |
Clinical information system | ||
Average across comorbidity statuses | 0.215 (.004) | 0.151 (.104) |
0 Comorbidities | 0.311 (.002) | 0.152 (.201) |
1 Comorbidity | 0.131 (.155) | 0.201 (.064) |
≥ 2 Comorbidities | −0.148 (.449) | −0.004 (.981) |
Decision support | ||
Average across comorbidity statuses | −0.165 (.096) | −0.256 (.012) |
0 Comorbidities | −0.196 (.127) | −0.366 (.005) |
1 Comorbidity | −0.154 (.192) | −0.060 (.623) |
≥ 2 Comorbidities | −0.033 (.884) | −0.146 (.524) |
Self-management system | ||
Average across comorbidity statuses | 0.036 (.605) | 0.184 (.052) |
0 Comorbidities | 0.068 (.413) | 0.372 (.002) |
1 Comorbidity | 0.087 (.271) | −0.002 (.987) |
≥ 2 Comorbidities | −0.155 (.213) | −0.261 (.217) |
Number of outpatient visits* | ||
Health care organization | ||
Average across comorbidity statuses | 0.198 (.031) | 0.057 (.486) |
0 Comorbidities | 0.290 (.017) | 0.093 (.457) |
1 Comorbidity | 0.068 (.611) | −0.024 (.819) |
≥ 2 Comorbidities | 0.378 (.165) | 0.348 (.184) |
Cardiovascular disease | ||
Number of outpatient visits* | ||
Delivery system redesign | ||
Average across comorbidity statuses | 0.009 (.895) | −0.141 (.209) |
0 Comorbidities | 0.006 (.947) | −0.137 (.280) |
1 Comorbidity | −0.024 (.801) | −0.286 (.171) |
≥ 2 Comorbidities | 0.167 (.147) | 0.242 (.106) |
Clinical information system | ||
Average across comorbidity statuses | 0.006 (.964) | −0.020 (.866) |
0 Comorbidities | 0.010 (.945) | −0.055 (.710) |
1 Comorbidity | 0.080 (.609) | 0.107 (.514) |
≥ 2 Comorbidities | −0.205 (.393) | −0.118 (.464) |
Decision support | ||
Average across comorbidity statuses | −0.133 (.343) | −0.066 (.664) |
0 Comorbidities | −0.092 (.560) | −0.022 (.902) |
1 Comorbidity | −0.236 (.194) | −0.198 (.298) |
≥ 2 Comorbidities | −0.191 (.485) | −0.082 (.783) |
Self-management system | ||
Average across comorbidity statuses | 0.027 (.757) | 0.036 (.770) |
0 Comorbidities | 0.000 (.999) | −0.044 (.760) |
1 Comorbidity | 0.155 (.156) | 0.276 (.098) |
≥ 2 Comorbidities | −0.145 (.376) | −0.319 (.249) |
≥1 Inpatient admission† | ||
Health care organization | ||
Average across comorbidity statuses | −0.026 (.662) | −0.033 (.554) |
0 Comorbidities | 0.001 (.987) | 0.003 (.964) |
1 Comorbidity | −0.087 (.044) | −0.095 (.016) |
≥ 2 Comorbidities | 0.109 (.558) | 0.102 (.580) |
Delivery system redesign | ||
Average across comorbidity statuses | 0.003 (.890) | −0.011 (.821) |
0 Comorbidities | 0.045 (.127) | 0.045 (.127) |
1 Comorbidity | −0.057 (.083) | −0.057 (.083) |
≥ 2 Comorbidities | 0.018 (.804) | 0.018 (.804) |
Clinical information system | ||
Average across comorbidity statuses | −0.013 (.713) | −0.001 (.986) |
0 Comorbidities | −0.006 (.893) | 0.004 (.932) |
1 Comorbidity | 0.044 (.388) | 0.112 (.025) |
≥ 2 Comorbidities | −0.089 (.359) | −0.185 (.042) |
Decision support | ||
Average across comorbidity statuses | 0.081 (.067) | 0.069 (.121) |
0 Comorbidities | 0.006 (.919) | 0.014 (.785) |
1 Comorbidity | 0.124 (.050) | 0.041 (.529) |
≥ 2 Comorbidities | 0.144 (.355) | 0.219 (.191) |
Self-management system | ||
Average across comorbidity statuses | −0.027 (.476) | −0.042 (.353) |
0 Comorbidities | −0.036 (.458) | −0.078 (.143) |
1 Comorbidity | 0.011 (.824) | 0.074 (.306) |
≥ 2 Comorbidities | −0.123 (.141) | −0.225 (.092) |
Cardiovascular disease | ||
≥1 Emergency department visit† | ||
Health care organization | ||
Average across comorbidity statuses | −0.008 (.928) | −0.013 (.873) |
0 Comorbidities | −0.026 (.681) | 0.020 (.744) |
1 Comorbidity | 0.011 (.855) | −0.024 (.682) |
≥ 2 Comorbidities | 0.104 (.727) | 0.033 (.911) |
Delivery system redesign | ||
Average across comorbidity statuses | −0.041 (.068) | −0.017 (.641) |
0 Comorbidities | −0.037 (.232) | −0.072 (.105) |
1 Comorbidity | −0.039 (.215) | 0.021 (.746) |
≥ 2 Comorbidities | −0.042 (.685) | 0.110 (.390) |
Clinical information system | ||
Average across comorbidity statuses | −0.040 (.332) | −0.032 (.479) |
0 Comorbidities | 0.027 (.522) | 0.038 (.424) |
1 Comorbidity | −0.083 (.234) | −0.040 (.536) |
≥ 2 Comorbidities | −0.031 (.840) | −0.185 (.209) |
Decision support | ||
Average across comorbidity statuses | 0.109 (.033) | 0.105 (.032) |
0 Comorbidities | −0.002 (.968) | 0.015 (.763) |
1 Comorbidity | 0.182 (.002) | 0.145 (.016) |
≥ 2 Comorbidities | 0.145 (.480) | 0.149 (.497) |
Self-management system | ||
Average across comorbidity statuses | −0.027 (.497) | −0.041 (.428) |
0 Comorbidities | −0.078 (.114) | −0.130 (.014) |
1 Comorbidity | 0.027 (.543) | 0.060 (.431) |
≥ 2 Comorbidities | −0.008 (.949) | 0.083 (.690) |
↵* Approximate percentage change (0.10 = 10%) in outcome variable when a clinic moves from early stage to intermediate- or late-stage transformation.
↵† Estimated percentage-point change (0.10 = 10 percentage points) in probability of outcome when a clinic moves from early stage to intermediate- or late-stage transformation.