Characteristics of Family Medicine Patients,* by Referral to Diabetes Education (n = 962)
| Characteristic | No Referral (n = 816) | Referral (n = 146) | P Value† |
|---|---|---|---|
| Diabetes diagnosis | |||
| Prediabetes | 48.5 (396) | 19.2 (28) | <.0001 |
| Diabetes | 51.5 (420) | 80.8 (118) | |
| Age (years), mean (SD) | 56.2 (13.8) | 54.7 (11.9) | .215 |
| Nonwhite race | 41.2 (336) | 61.6 (90) | <.0001 |
| Female sex | 67.4 (550) | 71.2 (104) | .361 |
| SES index (based on zip code) | |||
| Lowest | 192 (23.5) | 40 (27.4) | .001 |
| Lower middle | 115 (14.1) | 36 (24.7) | |
| Upper middle | 221 (27.1) | 39 (26.7) | |
| Highest | 288 (35.3) | 31 (21.2) | |
| Utilization (top 25%) | 47.9 (391) | 67.1 (98) | <.0001 |
| Chronic disease | |||
| Hyperlipidemia | 51.6 (421) | 47.9 (70) | .417 |
| Hypertension | 66.9 (546) | 76.7 (112) | .019 |
| Vascular Disease | 24.0 (196) | 22.6 (33) | .711 |
| Obesity | 72.3 (590) | 91.1 (133) | <.0001 |
| Testing | |||
| HbA1c | 87.1 (711) | 95.9 (140) | .002 |
| Cholesterol | 81.6 (666) | 89.0 (130) | .029 |
| Microalbumin | 41.3 (337) | 71.2 (104) | <.0001 |
| HbA1c Control | |||
| Controlled | 55.4 (452) | 31.5 (46) | |
| Uncontrolled | 25.0 (204) | 54.8 (80) | <.0001 |
| Unknown | 19.6 (160) | 13.7 (20) | |
| Smoking status | |||
| Never | 57.1 (466) | 54.8 (547) | |
| Past (quit) | 26.6 (217) | 21.2 (31) | .059 |
| Current | 16.3 (133) | 24.0 (35) |