| Outcome | CareWell Primary Care* (n = 204) | Usual Care* (n = 165) | Estimated Intervention Effect* (95% CI) | P Value | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Baseline | Change at Follow-up | Baseline | Change at Follow-up | |||
| Katz-15 index† | 5.4 (2.9) | 0.8 (1.9) | 4.6 (2.7) | 0.5 (2.1) | 0.37 (−0.1 to 0.8) | .10 |
| EQ-5D+C‡ | 0.6 (0.3) | 0.0 (0.3) | 0.6 (0.3) | 0.0 (0.3) | −0.031 (−0.1 to 0.0) | .37 |
| RAND-36 mental health§ | 61.1 (13.1) | −0.28 (13.6) | 62.4 (13.7) | −0.8 (13.7) | 0.86 (−2.3 to 4.0) | .56 |
| Health-related limitations in social functioning¶ | 1.5 (1.4) | −0.1 (1.6) | 0.9 (1.3) | 0.3 (1.7) | 0.037 (0.2–0.2) | .76 |
Data are mean (standard deviation) unless otherwise indicated.
↵* Adjusted for clustering; baseline values of relevant covariates (living situation, health-related limitations in social functioning, cognition score, socioeconomic status score, and care complexity); baseline value of the Katz-15 index; and, in the case of secondary outcomes, baseline value of the outcome parameter.
↵† Katz-15 scores range from 0 to 15; a higher score indicates more dependence in (instrumental) activities of daily living.
↵‡ EQ-5D+C scores range from −0.33 to 1.00; a higher score indicates a higher health-related quality of life.
↵§ The 36-item RAND Mental Health questionnaire (RAND-36) mental health scores range from 0 to 100; a higher score indicates better mental health.
↵¶ Based on the social functioning subscale of the RAND-36. Answers are dichotomized as the “absence of limitations” vs. the other categories indicating the “presence of limitations.”
CI, confidence interval; EQ-5D+C, EuroQol instrument.