Table 4.

Intercept Coefficients: Estimated Marginal Mean Differences in Average HbA1c Level at the Index Date^*

Category for Intercept Differences for Mean HbA1c	Fixed Effects	β Coefficient	SE (β)	P Value	Linear Contrast P Values
Node	Grand mean at baseline (intercept)^{^†}	7.768	0.172	<.001	<.001
	Mean HbA1c level difference, node 2 vs node 1	−0.577	0.113	<.001
	Mean HbA1c level difference, node 3 vs node 1	−0.391	0.232	.123
	Mean HbA1c level difference, node 4 vs node 1	−0.387	0.083	<.001
Age (at baseline)	Each additional year of age	−0.014	0.002	.001	NA
Charlson index score	Each additional Charlson index score point	−0.091	0.031	.011	NA
Sex	Female vs male	−0.231	0.040	<.001	NA
Race/ethnicity	Hispanic vs non-Hispanic white	0.137	0.112	.243	<.001
	Non-Hispanic black vs non-Hispanic white	0.314	0.090	.004
	Non-Hispanic Asian or Pacific Islander vs non-Hispanic white	0.015	0.087	.865
	Non-Hispanic other vs non-Hispanic white	0.393	0.128	.009
Insurance status	Continually uninsured vs continually insured	0.375	0.125	.010	.002
Insurance status	Insurance gaps vs continually insured	0.133	0.051	.022	.002
Primary language	Spanish vs English	0.035	0.145	.812	.009
	Cantonese or Mandarin vs English	−0.213	0.086	.028
	Other language vs English	0.079	0.104	.457
Health care use^‡	3 or 4 Visits vs 1 or 2 visits	0.012	0.081	.889	.296
	≥5 Visits vs 1 or 2 visits	0.092	0.101	.383

↵* This multilevel model predicted mean HbA1c level as a function of diabetes status, primary language, and insurance status, adjusting for age, Charlson index score, sex, race/ethnicity, and node.
↵† Assuming all other covariates equal zero.
↵‡ Average number of annual primary care visits.
NA, not available; SE, standard error.