| Intervention Group | Control Group | Pearson χ2 | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| N | % | N | % | ||
| Total participants | 72 | 51.4 | 68 | 48.6 | |
| Sex | .034 | ||||
| Female | 55 | 76.4 | 47 | 69.1 | |
| Male | 17 | 23.6 | 21 | 30.9 | |
| Item nonresponse* | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 | |
| Race/ethnicity | .188 | ||||
| White | 8 | 11.1 | 16 | 23.5 | |
| African American | 59 | 81.9 | 46 | 67.6 | |
| Hispanic/Asian/other | 4 | 5.6 | 5 | 7.4 | |
| Item nonresponse | 1 | 1.4 | 1 | 1.5 | |
| Age (years) | .587 | ||||
| 18–25 | 28 | 38.9 | 23 | 33.8 | |
| 26–30 | 15 | 20.8 | 21 | 30.9 | |
| 31–50 | 26 | 36.1 | 19 | 27.9 | |
| >50 | 3 | 4.2 | 4 | 5.9 | |
| Item nonresponse | 0 | 0.0 | 1 | 1.5 | |
| Marital status | .994 | ||||
| Married or long-term cohabitation | 11 | 15.3 | 10 | 14.7 | |
| Divorced/widowed/separated | 15 | 20.8 | 13 | 19.1 | |
| Never married | 44 | 61.1 | 40 | 58.8 | |
| Item nonresponse | 2 | 2.8 | 5 | 7.4 | |
| Education | .567 | ||||
| Some high school or less | 18 | 25.0 | 21 | 30.9 | |
| High school graduate | 26 | 36.1 | 19 | 27.9 | |
| Some college or more | 27 | 37.5 | 25 | 36.8 | |
| Item nonresponse | 1 | 1.4 | 3 | 4.4 | |
| Employment | .714 | ||||
| Full-time | 16 | 22.2 | 12 | 17.7 | |
| Part-time | 10 | 13.9 | 12 | 17.7 | |
| Unemployed† | 43 | 59.7 | 40 | 58.8 | |
| Item nonresponse | 3 | 4.2 | 4 | 5.9 | |
| Yearly income | .175 | ||||
| <$14,000 | 38 | 52.8 | 42 | 61.8 | |
| ≥$14,000 | 22 | 30.6 | 14 | 20.6 | |
| Item nonresponse | 12 | 16.7 | 12 | 17.7 | |
| Uninsured in the past year | .027 | ||||
| Yes | 12 | 17.7 | 23 | 33.8 | |
| No | 56 | 77.8 | 44 | 64.7 | |
| Item nonresponse | 4 | 5.6 | 1 | 1.5 | |
| Two or more comorbidities‡ | .768 | ||||
| Yes | 25 | 34.7 | 21 | 47.1 | |
| No | 34 | 47.2 | 32 | 47.1 | |
| Item nonresponse | 13 | 18.1 | 15 | 22.1 | |
| Reasons for initial ED visit | .819 | ||||
| Infection | |||||
| Nonrespiratory | 13 | 19.1 | 19 | 26.4 | |
| Respiratory | 7 | 10.3 | 4 | 5.6 | |
| Injury | 17 | 25.0 | 19 | 26.4 | |
| Pain | |||||
| Musculoskeletal | 10 | 14.7 | 8 | 11.1 | |
| Nonmusculoskeletal | 11 | 16.2 | 11 | 15.3 | |
| Other | 10 | 14.7 | 11 | 15.3 | |
↵* Item nonresponse includes both missing data and the “prefer not to answer” response selection. There are no significant differences in missing data across groups, and these data were not included in the Chi-Square calculations.
↵† Unemployed includes respondents looking for work, keeping house full time, students, not working for health reasons, and retired.
↵‡ From a list of nine prevalent chronic conditions: hypertension, heart disease, diabetes, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, back pain, joint pain, depression, asthma, anxiety.
ED, emergency department.