| Provider Characteristics | Patient Scenario | Odds Ratio | 95% CI | P Value | FDR-Adjusted P Value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Physicians* vs Pharmacists | 1. Controlled T2DM | 4.4 | 0.6–33.6 | .1517 | .4727 |
| 2. Uncontrolled T2DM, metformin 500 mg/day | 0.9 | 0.2–3.6 | .9088 | .9729 | |
| 3. Uncontrolled T2DM, metformin 1500 mg/day | 1.5 | 0.5–4.6 | .4614 | .8057 | |
| 4. Chronic kidney disease | 1.2 | 0.4–3.4 | .7746 | .9683 | |
| 5. Hepatic dysfunction | 1.0 | 0.3–3.3 | .9335 | .9729 | |
| 6. Heart failure | 2.5 | 0.8–7.5 | .1138 | .4270 | |
| 7. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease | 8.4 | 2.1–34 | .0028 | .1108 | |
| 8. Alcohol abuse | 3.4 | 1.2–9.6 | .0229 | .2663 | |
| 9. History of lactic acidosis | 1.4 | 0.5–4.4 | .5353 | .8236 | |
| 10. Current lactic acidosis | 1.5 | 0.5–4.1 | .4438 | .8057 | |
| Years practicing | 1. Controlled T2DM | 1.7 | 0.7–4 | .2527 | .7221 |
| 2. Uncontrolled T2DM, metformin 500 mg/day | 0.6 | 0.4–1 | .0399 | .2663 | |
| 3. Uncontrolled T2DM, metformin 1500 mg/day | 1.1 | 0.8–1.7 | .4990 | .8057 | |
| 4. Chronic kidney disease | 0.7 | 0.5–1.1 | .1174 | .4270 | |
| 5. Hepatic dysfunction | 1.0 | 0.7–1.5 | .9878 | .9878 | |
| 6. Heart failure | 1.0 | 0.7–1.4 | .9354 | .9729 | |
| 7. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease | 1.0 | 0.6–1.8 | .8681 | .9729 | |
| 8. Alcohol abuse | 1.1 | 0.8–1.5 | .7582 | .9683 | |
| 9. History of lactic acidosis | 1.1 | 0.7–1.5 | .7199 | .9635 | |
| 10. Current lactic acidosis | 1.3 | 0.9–1.8 | .1166 | .4270 | |
| Mountain West vs Midwest region | 1. Controlled T2DM | 1.6 | 0.3–10.2 | .6152 | .8789 |
| 2. Uncontrolled T2DM, metformin 500 mg/day | 1.7 | 0.5–5.3 | .3562 | .8057 | |
| 3. Uncontrolled T2DM, metformin 1500 mg/day | 1.0 | 0.4–2.9 | .9484 | .9729 | |
| 4. Chronic kidney disease | 2.4 | 0.9–6.6 | .0978 | .4270 | |
| 5. Hepatic dysfunction | 0.7 | 0.3–1.8 | .4404 | .8057 | |
| 6. Heart failure | 1.0 | 0.4–2.3 | .9486 | .9729 | |
| 7. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease | 2.6 | 0.7–9.9 | .1536 | .4727 | |
| 8. Alcohol abuse | 0.9 | 0.4–2.3 | .8698 | .9729 | |
| 9. History of lactic acidosis | 1.7 | 0.6–4.6 | .2838 | .7568 | |
| 10. Current lactic acidosis | 0.7 | 0.3–1.7 | .4651 | .8057 | |
| Academic vs all other settings | 1. Controlled T2DM | 0.4 | 0–3.5 | .3886 | .8057 |
| 2. Uncontrolled T2DM, metformin 500 mg/day | 0.3 | 0.1–1.2 | .0819 | .4270 | |
| 3. Uncontrolled T2DM, metformin 1500 mg/day | 0.8 | 0.3–2.2 | .7227 | .9635 | |
| 4. Chronic kidney disease | 3.4 | 1.3–8.9 | .0128 | .2557 | |
| 5. Hepatic dysfunction | 1.3 | 0.5–3.3 | .5946 | .8789 | |
| 6. Heart failure | 2.5 | 1.1–5.8 | .0351 | .2663 | |
| 7. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease | 0.6 | 0.1–2.2 | .4032 | .8057 | |
| 8. Alcohol abuse | 0.8 | 0.3–1.7 | .5036 | .8057 | |
| 9. History of lactic acidosis | 1.5 | 0.6–3.7 | .3557 | .8057 | |
| 10. Current lactic acidosis | 2.4 | 1.1–5.5 | .0379 | .2663 |
↵* Physicians include residents and those who have completed residency training.
CI, confidence interval; FDR, false discovery rate; T2DM, type 2 diabetes mellitus.