Table 5. Shared mental model for integration and close proximity of BHC and PCCs shapes use of warm handoffs and REACH of integration program among a group of practices with similar characteristics
Practice ID21453
Practice Characteristics
    PC/MHPC/MHPC/MHPCPCPC/MH
    OwnershipPrivate, not for profitPrivate, not for profitPrivate, not for profitHospital systemPrivate
    Govt/FQHC/CMHC & FQHC/NoneFQHC/CMHCFQHC/CMHCFQHCNoneGovernment
Characteristics of the integration model
    Breadth and depth of Integration REACH
        Identification of problemSystematic screeningSystematic screeningSystematic screeningSystematic screeningSystematic screening
        Provision of servicesBroadLimitedBroadBroadBroad
    Relevant workforce located in practice
        Embedded BHC on PCC teamYesNoYesYesYes
        Consulting psychiatrist in practiceYesYesNoYesYes
    Approach to transitioning patients to BHC
        Warm-handoffXXXX
        ReferralXX
    Path identified for other services
        Specialty MHReferralReferralReferralReferralReferred
        Substance UseWarm-handoff and referralReferralReferralReferralReferral
    Shared Mental Model for IntegrationYesNoYesYesYes

  • Abbreviations: BHC, behavioral health clinician; CMHC, community mental health center; FQHC, federally qualified health center; FTE, full-time equivalent; MH, mental health; PC, primary care; PCC, primary care clinician.

  • The designation of Government for ownership or financial characteristics indicated a non-FQHC- or CMHC-funded health system where the majority of financing or ownership is from the U.S. government.

  • The bold values listed for Practice 1 are to indicate how constructs such as physical distance among professionals and lack of a shared mental model can influence the approach to integrated care, despite practice characteristics that support broader integration approaches in other settings.