Table 1. Demographic Characteristics of Participants in the Overall, Estimation, and Validation Samples

Variables	Overall (N = 911)		Estimation (n = 456)		Validation (n = 455)		P value^*
Variables	n	%	n	%	n	%	P value^*
Sex
Male	353	38.7	174	38.2	179	39.3	.83^*
Female	558	62.3	282	61.8	276	60.7	.79^*
Education
<High school	156	17.1	78	17.1	78	17.1	1.00^*
High school	395	43.4	201	44.0	194	42.6	.78^*
>High school	360	39.5	177	38.8	183	40.2	.79^*
Race
White	308	33.8	151	33.1	157	34.5	.80^*
Black	603	66.2	305	66.9	298	65.5	.72^*
Difficulty with written information
Always/often/sometimes	251	27.6	151	20.4	100	22.0	.79^*
Rarely/never	660	72.4	305	79.6	355	78.0	.60^*
Confidence in filling out medical forms
Not at all/a little bit/somewhat	348	38.2	179	39.3	169	37.1	.67^*
Quite a bit/extremely confident	563	61.8	277	60.8	286	62.9	.61^*
Help reading hospital material
Always/often/sometimes	233	25.6	123	27.0	110	24.2	.63^*
Rarely/never	678	74.4	333	73.0	345	75.8	.40^*
Rapid Estimation of Adult Literacy in Medicine, Revised
Limited health literacy	418	45.9	205	45.0	213	46.8	.71^*
Adequate health literacy	493	54.1	251	55.0	242	53.2	.69^*
Newest Vital Sign
Limited health literacy	578	63.4	292	64.0	286	62.9	.79^*
Adequate health literacy	333	36.6	164	36.0	169	37.1	.83^*
Brief Health Literacy Screen score, mean (SD)	12.1	2.8	12.1	2.7	12.1	2.8	.78^{^†}
Age (years), mean (SD)	48.5	14	48.5	14.0	48.4	14.1	.88^{^†}