Table 3. Practice Characteristics and Organizing Constructs

Practice ID	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	11	12	13	14	15	16	17	18	19
Practice characteristics, PC/MH/Both	Both	Both	Both	PC	PC	PC	PC	PC	PC	Clinician	Hospital system	Hospital system	Clinician	Hospital system, HMO, not for profit	Government	Hospital system	Private, not for profit	Private, not for profit	Private, not for profit
Ownership	Private, not for profit	Private, not for profit	Private	Private, not for profit	Hospital system	Private, not for profit	Clinician	Private, not for profit	Clinician	Suburban	Rural	Suburban	Urban	Suburban	Urban	Suburban	Rural	Suburban	Rural
Setting	Urban	Suburban	Urban	Suburban	Urban	Suburban	Suburban	Urban	Rural
Financial characteristics										None	None	FQHC	None	None	Government	FQHC	CMHC	CMHC	CMHC
Govt/FQHC/CMHC & FQHC/None	FQHC/CMHC	FQHC/CMHC	Government	FQHC	None	FQHC	None	FQHC	None
Practice revenue, %										4	5	57	13.45	27	54	9	10	0.5	3
Medicare	7	10	8	7	15	41	24	4	6	0	40	10	3.97	0.2	0.21	48	25	58	40
Medicaid	35	38	22	30	26	43	10	49	5	91	30	2	63.61	72.8	14.79	8	35	1.2	29
Commercial insurance	39	8.2	24	7	59	1	62	11	69	5	25	31	18.97	0	31	35	30	14	28
Uninsured	19	43.8	46	56	0	14	4	36	20	6 (4.8)	5 (5.0)	5 (3.15)	22 (13.6)	33 (21.9)	71 (70)	9 (9)	6 (6)	1 (0.4)^*	3 (2.2)
FTE primary care clinicians, n	37 (22.5)	8 (6.5)	56 (48.2)	11 (11)	7 (5.8)	2 (1.2)	14 (10)	12 (9.9)	2 (2)	1 (0.5)^*	1 (1.0)	4 (0.9)	5 (1.0)^{^†}	1 (0.6)	6 (5.6)	2 (1.4)	2 (2)	26 (22.8)	10 (7.9)
FTE behavioral health clinicians, n	8 (7.4)	4 (3.2)	18 (17.4)	2 (2)	2 (1.6)	4 (3.8)	2 (0.5)^*	4 (2.9)	1 (0.5)^*	15,600	27,000	8,372	47,476	27,748	159,096	17,680	31,200	4,732	7,904
Annual patient visits, n	90,480	10,972	104,520	14,924	10,400	10,693	31,720	102,960	4,680	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	No
BHC can document in EHR?	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
Characteristics of the integration model
Breadth and depth of integration reach
Identification of problem	Systematic Screening	Systematic Screening	Systematic Screening	Systematic Screening	Systematic Screening	Systematic Screening	Systematic Screening	Systematic Screening	Systematic Screening	Systematic Screening	Clinician Discretion	Clinician Discretion	Clinician Discretion	Clinician Discretion	Clinician Discretion	Systematic Screening	Systematic Screening	Clinician Discretion	Systematic screening
Provision of services	Limited	Broad	Broad	Broad	Broad	Limited	Limited	Limited	Limited	Limited	Limited	Limited	Limited	Limited	Limited	Limited	Limited	Limited	Limited
Relevant workforce located in practice
Embedded BHC on primary care team	No	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	Yes	No	Yes	No	Yes	Yes	No	Yes	Yes	No	No	Yes
Consulting psychiatrist in practice	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	Yes	Yes	No	Yes	No	No	No	No	No	In system	In system	In system	In system	yes	Yes
Approach to transitioning patients to BHC
Warm hand-off		X	X	X	X						X		X	X
Referral	X	X				X	X	X	X	X	X	X		X		X	X	X	X
Path identified for other services
Specialty MH	Referral	Referral	Referred	Referral	Referral	Referral	Referral	Referral	No Path	Referral	Referral	Referral	Referral	Referral	Referral	Referral	Referral	Referral	Referral
Substance use	Referral	Warm-hand off and referral	Referral	Referral	Referral	Referral	Referral	Referral	Limited	Referral	Referral	Referral	Referral	Referral	Referral	Referral	Referral	Referral	Referral
Shared mental model for integration	No	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	No	No	No	Yes	No	No	Yes	No	No	Yes	Yes	No
PC	PC	PC	PC	PC	Both
PC	MH	MH	MH

BHC, behavioral health clinician; CMHC, community mental health center; EHR, electronic health record; FTE, full-time equivalent; HMO, health maintenance organization; MH, mental health. PC, primary care.
The designation of government for ownership or financial characteristics indicated a non-FQHC- or CMHC-funded health system where the majority of financing or ownership is from the U.S. government.
↵* Due to ebbs and flows in staffing as a result of turnover and the fact that one BHC sometimes provided services to multiple practices, these are estimated FTEs.
↵† These 5 BHCs were employees of a BHO and not the primary care practice. The practice contracted with the BHO, and different BHCs rotated hours in the primary care practice.