| Risks* | Gabby Group† | Control Group‡ | P Value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Emotional and mental health | Participants who triggered ≥1 risk (%) | 21 (45.6) | 19 (42.2) | .74 |
| Participants with at least 1 risk resolved/no. of participants reached at follow-up who had triggered at least 1 risk (%) | 12/18 (66.7) | 4/16 (25.0) | .02 | |
| Risks triggered that were resolved/total no. of risks triggered (%) | 15/35 (43.0) | 4/32 (13.0) | .01 | |
| Environmental | Participants who triggered ≥1 risk (%) | 44 (95.6) | 43 (95.6) | 1.00 |
| Participants with at least 1 risk resolved/no. of participants reached at follow-up who had triggered at least 1 risk (%) | 11 (32.4) | 5 (12.8) | .04 | |
| Risks triggered that were resolved/total no. of risks triggered (%) | 13/119 (10.9) | 6/102 (5.9) | .18 | |
| Genetic health history | Participants who triggered ≥1 risk (%) | 46 (100.0) | 45 (100.0) | .32 |
| Participants with at least 1 risk resolved/no. of participants reached at follow-up who had triggered at least 1 risk (%) | 14/36 (38.9) | 12/41 (29.3) | .37 | |
| Risks triggered that were resolved/total no. of risks triggered (%) | 19/71 (26.8) | 15/67 (22.4) | .55 | |
| Health care | Participants who triggered ≥1 risk (%) | 16 (34.8) | 31 (68.9) | .01 |
| Participants with at least 1 risk resolved/no. of participants reached at follow-up who had triggered at least 1 risk (%) | 5/12 (41.7) | 5/27 (18.5) | .13 | |
| Risks triggered that were resolved/total no. of risks triggered (%) | 8/34 (23.5) | 7/64 (10.9) | .09 | |
| Health conditions and medicines | Participants who triggered ≥1 risk (%) | 28 (60.9) | 28 (62.2) | .89 |
| Participants with at least 1 risk resolved/no. of participants reached at follow-up who had triggered at least 1 risk (%) | 12/22 (54.5) | 5/25 (20.0) | .01 | |
| Risks triggered that were resolved/total no. of risks triggered (%) | 14/41 (34.1) | 8/36 (22.2) | .25 | |
| Immunizations and vaccines | Participants who triggered ≥1 risk (%) | 38 (82.6) | 42 (93.3) | .12 |
| Participants with at least 1 risk resolved/no. of participants reached at follow-up who had triggered at least 1 risk (%) | 17/30 (56.7) | 15/38 (39.5) | .16 | |
| Risks triggered that were resolved/total no. of risks triggered (%) | 25/80 (31.3) | 21/111 (18.9) | .05 | |
| Infectious diseases | Participants who triggered ≥1 risk (%) | 46 (100.0) | 45 (100.0) | NA |
| Participants with at least 1 risk resolved/no. of participants reached at follow-up who had triggered at least 1 risk (%) | 25/36 (69.4) | 23/41 (56.1) | .23 | |
| Risks triggered that were resolved/total no. of risks triggered (%) | 52/172 (30.2) | 44/182 (24.2) | .20 | |
| Men and health care | Participants who triggered ≥1 risk (%) | 31 (67.4) | 26 (57.8) | .34 |
| Participants with at least 1 risk resolved/no. of participants reached at follow-up who had triggered at least 1 risk (%) | 5/25 (20.0) | 9/23 (39.1) | .15 | |
| Risks triggered that were resolved/total no. of risks triggered | 7/64 (10.9) | 14/39 (35.9) | .01 | |
| Nutrition and activity | Participants who triggered ≥1 risk (%) | 46 (100.0) | 45 (100.0) | NA |
| Participants with at least 1 risk resolved/no. of participants reached at follow-up who had triggered at least 1 risk (%) | 32/36 (88.9) | 29/41 (70.7) | .05 | |
| Risks triggered that were resolved/total no. of risks triggered (%) | 101/292 (34) | 67/302 (22.2) | .01 | |
| Relationships | Participants who triggered ≥1 risk (%) | 21 (45.6) | 30 (66.7) | .04 |
| Participants with at least 1 risk resolved/no. of participants reached at follow-up who had triggered at least 1 risk (%) | 5/16 (31.3) | 6/27 (22.2) | .51 | |
| Risks triggered that were resolved/total no. of risks triggered (%) | 10/36 (27.8) | 9/53 (17.0) | .22 | |
| Reproductive health | Participants who triggered ≥1 risk (%) | 40 (87.0) | 38 (84.4) | .73 |
| Participants with at least 1 risk resolved/no. of participants reached at follow-up who had triggered at least 1 risk (%) | 10/31 (32.3) | 9/34 (26.5) | .61 | |
| Risks triggered that were resolved/total no. of risks triggered (%) | 16/87 (18.4) | 12/62 (19.4) | .88 | |
| Substance use | Participants who triggered ≥1 risk (%) | 27 (58.7) | 25 (55.6) | .76 |
| Participants with at least 1 risk resolved/no. of participants reached at follow-up who had triggered at least 1 risk (%) | 10/20 (50.0) | 11/22 (50.0) | 1.00 | |
| Risks triggered that were resolved/total no. of risks triggered (%) | 17/36 (47.2) | 17/41 (41.5) | .61 | |
| Totals | Participants with at least 1 risk resolved/no. of participants reached at follow-up who had triggered at least 1 risk (%) | 36/36 (100.0) | 37/41 (90.0) | |
| Risks triggered that were resolved/total no. of risks triggered (%) | 297/1067 (27.8) | 224/1091 (20.5) | <.01 |
↵* The various risks were categorized as follows:
Emotional and Mental Health: history of or diagnosis of or depression, anxiety, bipolar disorder, or schizophrenia; depression (2-item Patient Health Questionnaire score ≥325); stress (4-item Perceived Stress Scale score ≥826); family history of psychiatric conditions (depression, anxiety, schizophrenia, bipolar disorder).
Environmental Issues: exposure to lead; at risk for toxoplasmosis; living near toxic waste or a “superfund” site; untested well water in the home; frequently drinking from plastic water bottles; frequently eating food from cans with a white plastic lining; reported workplace exposure to chemicals or dangers; reported exposure to potentially toxic household chemicals.
Genetic Health History: ethnicity-based genetic health risk based on ancestry; family history of a genetic health condition; personal history of a genetic health condition; need to learn family health history.
Health Care and Programs: inadequate financial resources; does not have health insurance; has inadequate health insurance; does not have a primary care physician; not been to a dentist in over a year.
Health Conditions and Medicines: history of diagnosis of diabetes, prediabetes, gestational diabetes, hyper- or hypothyroidism, phenylketonuria, seizures, hypertension, rheumatoid arthritis, lupus, renal disease, cardiovascular disease, thrombophilia, asthma; history of or diagnosis of a disability; history of or diagnosis of cancer; currently taking any prescription medications; currently taking any over-the-counter medicines.
Immunizations and Vaccines: need human papillomavirus vaccine; need hepatitis B vaccine; need varicella vaccine; need measles, mumps, and rubella vaccine; need influenza vaccine; need tetanus vaccine; need tetanus-diphtheria-pertussis vaccine; unsure of immunization record.
Infectious Diseases: at risk for sexually transmitted infection; sexually active and has not been tested for sexually transmitted infections; history of or diagnosis of human immunodeficiency virus, gonorrhea/chlamydia/syphilis, herpes simplex virus; at risk for tuberculosis, malaria, cytomegalovirus hepatitis C; not born in the United States.
Men and Health Care: partner has not been to doctor in >1 year; partner does not have a primary care physician; partner has not been counseled on a reproductive life plan.
Nutrition and Activity: bad diet or food choices (<5 daily servings of fruits and vegetables and/or regular intake of junk food); possibly taking too much vitamin A; not using a multivitamin with folic acid or a folic acid supplement; use of herbal or weight-loss supplements; not taking supplements of vitamin D, calcium, iron; need more essential fatty acids in diet; at risk for toxic concentrations of mercury; at risk for listeriosis; underweight (body mass index <18.5 kg/m2); overweight (body mass index ≥30 kg/m2); self-reported potential eating disorder; use of caffeine; not enough exercise (<30 min/d, 5 d/wk).
Relationships: history of or current physical or sexual abuse; history of or current emotional or verbal abuse; does not feel safe.
Reproductive Health: does not use birth control; uses withdrawal method of birth control; uses other less effective birth control method (Plan B, rhythm/natural family planning method, or “other”); history of preterm birth; history of infant born with low or high birth weight; history of cesarean delivery; history includes 1 or 2 miscarriage(s); history includes ≥3 miscarriages; history includes ≥2 miscarriages in second trimester; history of abortion; history of stillbirth; history of uterine anomalies; history of infant or child death; <3 months between past pregnancies; history of vaginal bleeding late in pregnancy; history of infant in neonatal intensive care unit; history of infant with a birth defect; participant was born before term or with a low birth weight; participant's mother was born before term or with a low birth weight.
Substance Use: excessive alcohol (≥4 drinks in a day over the past year); any current tobacco use; any illicit substance use in the past year.
↵† At baseline, this group included 46 participants; n = 36 at 6 months.
↵‡ At baseline, this group included 45 participants; n = 41 at 6 months.
NA, not available.