Table 4. Adjusted Associations between American Board of Family Medicine Recertification Examination Score and Result Stratified by Urban and Rural Status with and without Scope of Practice for Primary Care (SP4PC) Scale

	Urban				Rural
	Linear Regression: Examination Score Beta Estimate of Change in Examination Score		Logistic Regression: Passing Examination OR of Passing (95% CI)		Linear Regression: Examination Score Beta Estimate of Change in Examination Score		Logistic Regression: Passing Examination OR of Passing (95% CI)
	Without SP4PC	With SP4PC	Without SP4PC	With SP4PC	Without SP4PC	With SP4PC	Without SP4PC	With SP4PC
SP4PC		5.6^*		1.08 (1.06–1.11)		3.2^*		1.11 (1.07–1.16)
Female	−10.8^*	−9.1^*	0.78 (0.68–0.90)	0.79 (0.69–0.91)	−3.0	−1.7	0.99 (0.70–1.14)	1.04 (0.73–1.48)
Age	−1.0^*	−1.0^*	0.95 (0.95–0.96)	0.95 (0.95–0.96)	−1.0	−0.8	0.97 (0.95–0.99)	0.97 (0.96–0.99)
Degree (DO)	−57.2^*	−55.1^*	0.39 (0.32–0.49)	0.40 (0.32–0.50)	−58.5^*	−57.7^*	0.39 (0.25–0.61)	0.40 (0.26–0.63)
International medical school graduates	−71.5^*	−67.2^*	0.31 (0.27–0.36)	0.32 (0.27–0.37)	−69.9^*	−66.8^*	0.25 (0.17–0.37)	0.27 (0.18–0.39)
Medical school faculty	19.5^*	11.5^*	1.48 (1.26–1.75)	1.35 (1.14–1.61)	5.7	−0.5	1.25 (0.85–1.83)	1.02 (0.68–1.51)
Hold other American Board of Medical Specialties certification	−2.1	9.1	1.28 (0.87–1.89)	1.47 (0.98–2.21)	−18.2	−13.2	0.64 (0.23–1.78)	0.71 (0.25–1.99)
Practice organization
Group	Reference	Reference	Reference	Reference	Reference	Reference	Reference	Reference
Solo	−41.7^*	−37.1^*	0.45 (0.98–0.54)	0.47 (0.40–0.57)	−37.5^*	−33.8^*	0.68 (0.44–1.05)	0.77 (0.50–1.19)
Other	4.6^*	13.3^*	1.11 (0.95–1.28)	1.31 (1.12–1.52)	0.5	5.2	1.18 (0.84–1.64)	1.41 (0.99–1.99)

↵* Beta estimate significantly different than zero at P < .05.
OR, odds ratio; CI, confidence interval; DO, doctor of osteopathic medicine.