Table 1. Characteristics of the Study Population and Health Care Encounters
Observations (n)Mean (SD)Percentage
Characteristics of the study population*
    Demographics
        Female sex†2,138—59.5
        Age2,13852.0 (14.3)—
    Diabetes mellitus
        Diagnosis from registry†2,138—53.1
        Years since diabetes onset2,1381.2 (3.0)—
    Risk factors
        Prescribed insulin†1,712—22.0
        Tobacco smoker†1,593—44.0
        Smokeless tobacco user†1,593—9.5
        High LDL diagnosis†1,712—70.4
        Prescribed insulin†1,712—22.0
        Body mass index†1,84536.2 (8.4)—
            >25 (overweight/obese)1,841—93.8
            >30 (obese)1,841—77.6
        Systolic BP2,104138.6 (21.0)—
        Diastolic BP2,10479.0 (12.9)—
        Hypertension diagnosis† (systolic BP ≥140 or diastolic BP ≥90)2,104—50.2
    Access
        Distance from clinic (miles)2,1077.1 (10.5)—
        Matanuska-Susitna borough resident†2,107—10.2
Summary statistics of quarterly health care encounters
    At least one encounter during the past year†56,906—92.2
    Primary care visits that quarter (n)56,9062.62 (3.32)—
    HbA1c percentage (most recent measurement)52,1457.5 (1.8)—
    Days between HbA1c measurements52,145378.0 (607.1)—
    Attended nutrition and exercise education classes55,4070.9 (4.8)—
    At least one primary care visit per 6 months in the past year†54,572—78.1

  • ↵* Measured during the first encounter.

  • ↵† Binary measure.

  • BP, blood pressure; HbA1c, hemoglobin A1c; LDL, low-density lipoprotein; SD, standard deviation.