Table 1. Individual Characteristics of the BREATHE OUT Study Sample (N = 57)
VariableTotal (N = 57)Control Group (n = 26)Experimental Group (n = 31)P Value
Sex.19
    Male21 (36.8)12 (46.1)9 (29)
    Female36 (63.2)14 (53.9)22 (71)
Job title.52
    Fellows/residents29 (51)13 (50)16 (51.6)
    Attendings22 (38.5)11 (42.3)11 (35.4)
    Other (eg, NP, PA)6 (10.5)2 (7.7)4 (13)
Expertise level.57
    Attendings
        0–5 years' experience5 (8.8)1 (3.9)4 (12.9)
        6–9 years' experience5 (8.8)3 (11.5)2 (6.5)
        ≥10 years' experience12 (21.1)7 (26.9)5 (16.1)
    Other (eg, NP, PA)6 (10.5)2 (7.7)4 (12.9)
    Postgraduate year
        16 (10.5)2 (7.7)4 (12.9)
        211 (19.3)5 (19.2)6 (19.3)
        310 (17.5)6 (23.1)4 (12.9)
    Fellows2 (3.5)0 (0)2 (6.5)
  • Data are n (%). Subjects in the control and experimental groups provided multiple observations for the study outcome measured with Physician Satisfaction Scale.

  • NP, nurse practitioner; PA, physician assistant.