Table 3. Unadjusted and Adjusted Individual Chronic Conditions Association with Being Up to Date for Breast Cancer Screening According to US Preventive Services Task Force Guidelines
Chronic DiseaseUp-to-date Mammography Status
Unadjusted Bivariate OROR Adjusted for Demographics and Chronic Diseases*Final Model
OR (95% CI)P ValueOR (95% CI)P ValueOR (95% CI)P Value
None1.00 (Referent)1.00 (Referent)1.00 (Referent)
Arthritis1.10 (0.91–1.34).330.94 (0.74–1.18).58Dropped
Respiratory disease0.71 (0.54–0.94).020.60 (0.44–0.81).0010.59 (0.43–0.80).001
Cardiovascular disease0.71 (0.56–0.91).0060.71 (0.54–0.94).020.71 (0.54–0.94).02
Digestive disorders1.64 (1.32–2.04)<.0011.33 (1.04–1.70).021.31 (1.03–1.66).03
Diabetes mellitus type 1 or 20.94 (0.72–1.21).610.83 (0.62–1.13).23Dropped
Depression/anxiety1.19 (0.98–1.45).090.89 (0.71–1.13).34Dropped
Hypertension1.06 (0.87–1.27).581.11 (0.88–1.40).38Dropped
Low-back pain1.23 (0.98–1.53).070.92 (0.71–1.19).51Dropped
  • Analysis limited to women with no history of bilateral mastectomy or prior abnormal mammogram (n = 1859). All models included clinic as a random effect.

  • * Adjusted for age, marital status, ethnicity, body mass index classification, occupation, history of alcohol use, history of smoking, insurance status, length of contact with clinic, total number of visits in past 5 years, and the rest of the chronic diseases.

  • Adjusted for age, marital status, body mass index classification, history of alcohol use, history of smoking, insurance status, length of contact with clinic, total number of visits in past 5 years, asthma, cardiovascular disease, and digestive disorders.