Table 2. Rare Events Logistic Regression Models Predicting Attempts to Deceive Physicians

Characteristics	Attempting to Deceive a Physician for Pharmaceuticals
	Any Reason				For Abuse				To Sell
	b (SE)	OR	b (SE)	OR	b (SE)	OR	b (SE)	OR	b (SE)	OR	b (SE)	OR
Sex (1 = male)	−0.04 (0.18)	0.96	−0.07 (0.19)	0.93	−0.08 (0.18)	0.93	−0.09 (0.19)	0.91	−0.17 (0.19)	0.85	−0.23 (0.17)	0.80
Race^*
African American	0.19 (0.29)	1.21	0.47 (0.30)	1.60	0.00 (0.32)	1.00	0.30 (0.34)	1.35	0.30 (0.42)	1.35	0.62 (0.43)	1.85
Other	0.79^{^†} (0.36)	2.19	0.75^{^‡} (0.41)	2.12	0.90^{^†} (0.37)	2.47	0.88^{^†} (0.42)	2.40	1.38^{^†} (0.44)	3.99	1.24^{^†} (0.51)	3.46
Age	−0.02 (0.03)	0.98	−0.03 (0.03)	0.97	−0.02 (0.04)	0.98	−0.03 (0.03)	0.97	−0.02 (0.05)	0.98	−0.05 (0.04)	0.96
Student athlete (1 = yes)	0.66^{^‡} (0.39)	1.94	0.78^{^†} (0.39)	2.18	0.65 (0.41)	1.92	0.76^{^‡} (0.41)	2.15	0.91^{^‡} (0.51)	2.48	1.04^{^†} (0.48)	2.83
Fraternity/sorority (1 = yes)	0.15 (0.27)	1.16	−0.11 (0.21)	0.89	0.11 (0.28)	1.11	−0.15 (0.21)	0.86	0.55 (0.39)	1.73	0.44 (0.42)	1.55
Employed^{^§}
Part time	0.43 (0.25)	1.54	0.48^{^‡} (0.25)	1.61	0.47^{^‡} (0.27)	1.6	0.53^{^†} (0.27)	1.70	0.63^{^‡} (0.35)	1.87	0.62^{^‡} (0.37)	1.87
Full time	1.15^{^†} (0.45)	3.16	1.12^{^†} (0.49)	3.06	1.29^{^†} (0.46)	3.63	1.28^{^†} (0.5)	3.60	1.74^{^†} (0.54)	5.68	1.68^{^†} (0.63)	5.34
Sexual orientation (1 = LGBT)	1.32^{^†} (0.4)	3.75	1.29^{^†} (0.39)	3.63	1.45^{^†} (0.41)	4.28	1.45^{^†} (0.39)	4.26	1.64^{^†} (0.49)	5.17	1.56^{^†} (0.46)	4.74
Family income	−0.56^{^†} (0.23)	0.57	−0.57^{^†} (0.22)	0.57	−0.64^{^†} (0.24)	0.53	−0.64^{^†} (0.23)	0.53	−0.62^{^†} (0.31)	0.54	−0.58^{^‡} (0.3)	0.56
Family income²	0.06^{^†} (0.02)	1.06	0.06^{^†} (0.02)	1.06	0.07^{^†} (0.02)	1.07	0.06^{^†} (0.02)	1.07	0.06^{^†} (0.03)	1.07	0.05^{^‡} (0.03)	1.05
Alcohol use	—	—	0.17^{^†} (0.09)	1.19	—	—	0.15^{^‡} (0.09)	1.16	—	—	0.10 (0.12)	1.10
Marijuana use	—	—	0.00 (0.07)	1.00	—	—	−0.03 (0.07)	0.97	—	—	0.09 (0.09)	1.10
Pharmaceutical misuse	—	—	0.34^{^†} (0.07)	1.40	—	—	0.35^{^†} (0.07)	1.42	—	—	0.38^{^†} (0.10)	1.46
Constant	−2.22		−2.88		−2.19		−2.74		−3.14		−3.49
Model χ²	41.31		64.65		45.54		62.02		50.41		60.43
Pseudo-R²	0.066		0.114		0.080		0.121		0.130		0.177
Model c (area under ROC curve)	0.652		0.710		0.667		0.719		0.698		0.761

↵* White is the reference category for race.
↵† P < .05.
↵‡ P < .10.
↵§ Not employed is the reference category for employment.
LGBT, lesbian/gay/bisexual/transgender; OR, odds ratio; ROC, receiver operating characteristic; SE, standard error.