| Mean (SD) by Treatment Arm | P Value | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Intervention* (n = 85) | Control† (n = 86) | ||
| Visit time (seconds) | 1571 (480) | 1447 (545) | .056 |
| MI treatment integrity instrument component measure‡ | |||
| MI-adherent statements | 3.49 (3.29) | 2.01 (3.3) | .004 |
| Asking permission§‖ | 0.75 (0.92) | 0.13 (0.92) | <.0001 |
| Affirmations§‖ | 1.07 (1.65) | 0.39 (1.64) | .007 |
| Emphasizing control‖ | 0.31 (0.76) | 0.42 (0.76) | .34 |
| Support‖ | 1.35 (1.91) | 1.08 (1.91) | .36 |
| MI nonadherent statements† | 3.14 (7.11) | 3.62 (7.05) | .66 |
| Advising | 1.24 (2.81) | 1.48 (2.79) | .58 |
| Confronting | 1.10 (3.23) | 1.30 (3.20) | .68 |
| Directing | 0.75 (1.80) | 0.84 (1.80) | .76 |
| Percent MI-Adherent | 56.04 (63.41) | 37.69 (61.62) | .07 |
| Beginning proficiency for Percent MI-Adherent (n/N)¶ | 0/10 | 0/10 | — |
| Questions | |||
| Closed | 29.85 (20.76) | 25.93 (20.65) | .22 |
| Open§‖ | 5.87 (3.87) | 4.5 (3.87) | .02 |
| Open questions (%)¶ | 16.97 (10.59) | 15.37 (10.58) | .32 |
| Beginning proficiency for open questions (n/N) | 0/10 | 0/10 | — |
| Reflections | |||
| Simple‖ | 6.73 (6.60) | 6.48 (6.57) | .80 |
| Complex§‖ | 2.91 (3.38) | 1.74 (3.38) | .03 |
| Complex reflection (%)¶ | 28.92 (33.96) | 19.41 (33.62) | .07 |
| Beginning proficiency for complex reflections (n/N) | 2/10 | 0/10 | .47 |
| Reflection-to-question ratio¶ | |||
| Giving information | 20.16 (11.78) | 20.86 (11.75) | .70 |
| Global ratings | |||
| Evocation | 3.00 (2.08) | 2.52 (2.07) | .127 |
| Evocation: beginning proficiency¶ | 3/10 | 0/10 | .21 |
| Collaboration | 3.13 (2.23) | 2.74 (2.21) | .25 |
| Collaboration: beginning proficiency¶ | 3/10 | 2/10 | 1.00 |
| Autonomy support | 3.21 (1.75) | 2.79 (1.74) | .11 |
| Autonomy support: beginning proficiency | 1/10 | 3/10 | .58 |
| Direction | 4.40 (1.28) | 3.97 (1.28) | .03 |
| Direction: beginning proficiency‡ | 10/10 | 8/10 | .47 |
| Empathy | 3.22 (2.03) | 2.82 (2.01) | .20 |
| Empathy: beginning proficiency | 3/10 | 2/10 | 1.00 |
Data are number (%) of participants unless stated otherwise.
↵* Motivational interviewing (MI) with standard management of depression training.
↵† Standard management of depression training alone.
↵‡ Language counts, frequencies, and global scores are derived from clustered analyses. For standardization purposes the language counts are adjusted for encounter length (seconds).
↵§ Motivational Interviewing Treatment Integrity (MITI) component was a focus in >1 MI classroom training.
↵‖ MITI component included in composite frequency of MI-consistent language measure.
↵¶ MITI ratio definitions: percentage adherent to MI = MI-adherent statements/(MI-adherent statements + MI-nonadherent statements); percentage of OC = open questions/(open questions + closed questions); percentage of complex reflections = complex reflections/(complex reflections + simple reflections); reflection-to-question ratio = (simple + complex reflections) / (closed + open questions).