| Characteristics | IPV Perpetration | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Model 1 (n = 530) | Model 2 (n = 530) | Model 3* (n = 526) | |
| Demographics | |||
| Age, years (in decades) | 1.00 (0.98–1.02) | 1.00 (0.98–1.02)) | 1.00 (0.98–1.02) |
| Non-Hispanic white race vs. other | 0.80 (0.48–1.35) | 0.79 (0.47–1.34) | 0.80 (0.46–1.37) |
| Employed | 1.19 (0.60–2.36) | 1.20 (0.60–2.39) | 1.09 (0.53–2.22) |
| Education beyond high school | 0.80 (0.50–1.29) | 0.84 (0.52–1.36) | 0.90 (0.55–1.49) |
| Income, $ (in tens of thousands) | 0.99 (0.94–1.05) | 0.99 (0.94–1.05) | 0.98 (0.93–1.03) |
| Health services use | |||
| Regular doctor for routine care | 0.67 (0.41–1.09) | 0.72 (0.43–1.18) | 0.73 (0.44–1.23) |
| Physical symptoms | |||
| Irritable bowel syndrome symptoms | 2.80 (1.26–6.21)† | 2.61 (1.17–5.84)† | 2.19 (0.95–5.01) |
| Insomnia symptoms | 1.38 (1.08–1.77)† | 1.33 (1.04–1.71)† | 1.29 (0.99–1.67) |
| Mental health diagnoses, DSM-IV criteria | |||
| Substance abuse/dependence‡ | 1.76 (1.09–2.85)† | 1.60 (0.97–2.66) | |
| Prior family violence | |||
| Victim of childhood family violence | 1.99 (1.21–3.28)§ | ||
| Witnessed childhood family violence | 2.02 (1.17–3.49)† | ||
Data are odds ratios (95% confidence intervals). No IPV perpetration is odds ratio reference category. IPV perpetration includes having pushed; grabbed or shoved; threw something; slapped or hit; kicked, bit, or hit with a fist; beat up; choked; burned or scalded; or threatened their partner with a knife or gun. Model 1 includes only demographics, health services use, and physical symptoms that primary care physicians routinely assess. Model2 added substance abuse and dependence to evaluate whether the associations with physical symptoms remained significant. Model 3 added prior family violence to understand the relationship of IPV to substance abuse and history of family violence.
↵* Model 3 cohort was n = 526 because only 526 randomly assigned men received both the IPV perpetration and prior family violence questions.
↵† P < .05.
↵‡ Alcohol abuse, alcohol dependence, drug abuse, or drug dependence.
↵§ P < .01.