Variable | Model 1 | Model 2 | Model 3 | Model 4 | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
β | 95% CI | β | 95% CI | β | 95% CI | β | 95% CI | |
Half days worked | ||||||||
1–2 | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | ||||
3–5 | 0.35 | −0.31 to 1.01 | 0.58* | 0.15 to 1.01 | 0.58* | 0.25 to 0.91 | 0.53* | 0.23 to 0.83 |
≥6 | 0.73* | 0.20 to 1.25 | 1.23† | 0.83 to 1.64 | 1.40† | 0.97 to 1.84 | 1.38† | 0.98 to 1.78 |
Tenure (years) | ||||||||
<1 | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | ||||
1–5 | 0.48 | −0.14 to 1.10 | 0.24 | −0.13 to 0.62 | −0.09 | −0.60 to 0.43 | 0.04 | −0.45 to 0.53 |
>5 | 0.03 | −0.88 to 0.93 | 0.08 | −0.72 to 0.89 | −0.15 | −0.91 to 0.62 | −0.13 | −0.85 to 0.59 |
System | ||||||||
County | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | ||||
University | −0.20 | −0.55 to 0.16 | −0.15 | −0.38 to 0.09 | −0.21 | −0.49 to 0.06 | −0.20 | -0.47 to 0.07 |
EHR in transition | ||||||||
No | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | ||||
Yes | 0.73* | 0.19 to 1.26 | 0.87† | 0.37 to 1.37 | 0.81* | 0.19 to 1.44 | 0.80‡ | 0.16 to 1.44 |
Clinician type | ||||||||
Attending physician | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | ||||
Nurse practitioner/physician assistant | 0.01 | −0.52 to 0.53 | −0.31 | −0.69 to 0.08 | −0.21 | −0.45 to 0.02 | −0.17 | −0.35 to 0.01 |
Resident | 0.56‡ | 0.02 to 1.10 | 0.86† | 0.48 to 1.25 | 0.66† | 0.36 to 0.97 | 0.64† | 0.36 to 0.92 |
Team structure | ||||||||
No teams | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | ||||
Team | −0.62‡ | −1.17 to −0.07 | −0.52‡ | −0.92 to −0.12 | −0.42‡ | −0.79 to −0.04 | −0.56‡ | −0.95 to −0.17 |
Teamlet | −1.19† | −1.61 to −0.78 | −0.99† | −1.46 to −0.53 | −0.60‡ | −1.07 to −0.13 | −0.50‡ | 0.97 to −0.04 |
Team culture | −0.37† | −0.44 to −0.30 | −0.37† | −0.53 to −0.20 | −0.34† | −0.48 to −0.21 | ||
Team structure × team culture | −0.31† | −0.39 to −0.23 | ||||||
QIC fit index | 364.19 | 308.56 | 294.10 |
β Values are coefficients of linear regressions using generalized estimated equations associated with changes in the exhaustion score; positive numbers represent greater exhaustion and negative numbers represent less exhaustion.
↵‡ P < .05.
↵* P < .01.
↵† P < .001.
CI, confidence interval; EHR, electronic health record; QIC, quasi-likelihood under the independence model criterion; Ref, reference category.