Table 3. Bivariate Relationships Between Patient, Clinic, and Group Characteristics and Shared Decision Making

Characteristics	No.	Mean^*	SD	P Value
Patients
Sex
Female	848	51.2	33.0	.40
Male	314	49.4	32.2
Age (years)
18–34	343	58.3	31.0	.03
35–49	390	53.3	32.4
50–64	345	44.5	32.8	<.001
≥65	84	32.7	31.1	<.0001
Ethnicity/race
Non-Hispanic white	1016	50.4	33.2
Hispanic, any race	43	45.7	30.9	.36
Non-Hispanic, nonwhite	103	55.8	29.4	.11
Treated for this depression
0–5 weeks	540	56.6	29.7	<.001
≥6 weeks	604	45.5	34.5
Any other depression treatment in past 6 months
No	788	46.0	33.1
Yes	371	60.5	30.0	<.0001
General health
Excellent/very good/good	815	53.9	32.1
Fair/poor	347	43.1	33.2	<.001
PHQ-9 score
7–9	364	51.6	32.0	.75
10–14	444	50.8	33.5
15–19	243	49.9	32.6	.71
≥20	111	49.1	33.2	.62
Education
High school or less	354	47.2	31.6	.02
Some college, trade school	466	51.5	32.7	.46
College degree or more	342	53.2	34.0
Marital status
Coupled	666	51.6	32.5
Not coupled	495	49.4	33.2	.26
Employment
Employed	761	52.9	32.4
Not employed	401	46.5	33.2	.001
Household income
Below 2× poverty threshold	389	49.1	32.5
Above 2× poverty threshold	744	52.0	33.1	.15
Insurance type
Commercial	787	52.2	33.1
State programs	270	52.1	31.8	.95
Medicare	60	29.4	27.8	<.0001
Other	34	42.6	30.2	.09
Clinics
Adult PCPs in clinic (n)
1–4	159	49.5	32.3
5–10	506	51.6	32.4
≥11	495	50.0	33.5
NPs/PAs in clinic (n)
0	122	50.3	31.3
≥1	1038	50.7	33.0
Clinic location
Urban	709	50.1	32.8
Nonurban	453	51.6	32.8
Medical groups
Care sites in group (n)
1 to 4	273	54.1	32.2
5 to 10	98	44.4	30.5
≥11	791	50.3	33.2
Psychiatrists in group (n)
0	389	50.3	31.6
≥1	773	50.9	33.4
Mental health therapists in group (n)
0	384	51.4	31.6
≥1	778	50.3	33.4

↵* Mean percentage of 6 items answered yes.
NP, nurse practitioner; PA, physician assistant; PCP, primary care physician; PHQ-9, 9-item Patient Health Questionnaire; SD, standard deviation.