| No Insurance Change* (n = 89,616; 94.2%) | Gained Insurance in Follow-up Year (n = 3212; 2.9%) | Lost Insurance in Follow-up Year (n = 3193; 2.9%) | P Value† | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mean age, years | 46.2 | 36.5 | 34.8 | <.001 |
| Female sex | 51.9 | 50.1 | 49.6 | .03 |
| Race/ethnicity | <.001 | |||
| Hispanic (any race) | 11.1 | 14.9 | 13 | |
| Non-Hispanic white | 69.8 | 56.5 | 61.2 | |
| Non-Hispanic black | 12.4 | 21.8 | 19.1 | |
| Non-Hispanic other | 6.7 | 6.8 | 6.6 | |
| Education level | <.001 | |||
| Less than high school | 6.4 | 7.5 | 5.9 | |
| Some high school | 12 | 17.8 | 19.6 | |
| High school graduate | 32 | 37 | 37 | |
| Some college | 23 | 22.3 | 24.1 | |
| College graduate | 26.6 | 15.5 | 13.4 | |
| Household income (% of FPL) | <.001 | |||
| <100 | 10.3 | 20 | 20 | |
| 100–124 | 4 | 6.8 | 7.3 | |
| 125–199 | 12.9 | 22.7 | 19.9 | |
| 200–399 | 31.1 | 31.3 | 32.3 | |
| >400 | 41.7 | 19.2 | 20.6 | |
| Employed | 72.5 | 81.3 | 83.9 | <.001 |
| U.S. Census region | <.001 | |||
| Northeast | 19.2 | 16.1 | 14.9 | |
| Midwest | 22.3 | 20.5 | 19.9 | |
| South | 35.9 | 39.6 | 39.6 | |
| West | 22.6 | 23.9 | 25.5 | |
| Urban residence‡ | 82.9 | 83.3 | 79.8 | .01 |
| Insurance status | <.001 | |||
| Private | 73.5 | —§ | 76.9 | |
| Public | 14.6 | —§ | 23.1 | |
| None | 11.9 | —§ | — | |
| Utilization and health characteristics | ||||
| Mean healthcare expenditures, $ | 3961.2 | 1283.1 | 2327.0 | <.001 |
| Office visits (mean) | 3.9 | 1.7 | 2.5 | <.001 |
| Prescription drugs (mean) | 13.2 | 5.7 | 6.6 | <.001 |
| Report having a USOC | 78.4 | 52.1 | 63.9 | <.001 |
| Health status | ||||
| Physical (PCS-12) (mean) | 49.5 | 51.1 | 51.2 | <.001 |
| Mental (MCS-12) (mean) | 50.9 | 49.1 | 48.9 | <.001 |
| Preventive care | ||||
| Influenza vaccine | 31.2 | 13.3 | 13.0 | <.001 |
| CRC screening | 39.8 | 17.7 | 28.6 | <.001 |
| Pap testing | 81.1 | 77.0 | 82.7 | <.001 |
| Mammography | 62.4 | 40.5 | 66.0 | <.001 |
| PSA testing | 51.7 | 25.9 | 28.8 | <.001 |
| Health behaviors | ||||
| Always using seatbelts | 81.7 | 77.1 | 76.9 | <.001 |
| Not smoking | 79.1 | 68.6 | 65.4 | <.001 |
| Not obese | 74.4 | 74.0 | 74.5 | .64 |
Data are percentages unless otherwise indicated. All percentages are population-weighted.
↵* Includes both continuously insured and continuously uninsured participants.
↵† χ2 Test for categorical variables, linear regression for continuous variables.
↵‡ Defined as residence in a metropolitan statistical area.
↵§ Of patients, 69.7% gained private insurance and 30.3% gained public insurance in the follow-up year.
CRC, colorectal cancer screening; FPL, Federal Poverty Level; MCS-12, 12-item Short Form mental component summary score; Pap, Papanicolaou; PCS-12, 12-item Short Form physical component summary score; PSA, prostate-specific antigen; USOC, usual source of healthcare.