| Predisposing characteristics | | | |
| Age, years | | | <.001 |
| 8–44 | 42.1 | 53.1 | |
| 45–64 | 39.2 | 30.2 | |
| ≥65 | 18.8 | 16.7 | |
| Sex | | | <.001 |
| Female | 55.5 | 66.4 | |
| Race | | | <.001 |
| White | 82.6 | 74.4 | |
| Black | 10.9 | 19.9 | |
| Other | 6.6 | 5.7 | |
| Hispanic ethnicity | | | .061 |
| Yes | 11.0 | 12.6 | |
| No | 89.0 | 87.4 | |
| Education | | | <.001 |
| No degree | 12.5 | 18.2 | |
| GED/high school | 49.7 | 57.3 | |
| Bachelor's degree or more | 37.9 | 24.5 | |
| Employment status | | | <.001 |
| Employed | 68.8 | 58.0 | |
| Not employed | 31.3 | 42.0 | |
| Marital status | | | <.001 |
| Married | 62.0 | 48.5 | |
| Widowed | 6.3 | 7.4 | |
| Divorced | 10.8 | 13.6 | |
| Separated | 1.7 | 3.9 | |
| Never married | 19.3 | 26.6 | |
| Able to speak English | 96.9 | 96.6 | .558 |
| More likely to take risks | | | .031 |
| Disagree strongly | 43.7 | 45.6 | |
| Disagree somewhat | 22.8 | 19.1 | |
| Uncertain | 14.0 | 15.9 | |
| Agree somewhat | 15.5 | 14.5 | |
| Agree strongly | 4.0 | 4.8 | |
| Can overcome illness without medical help | | | .001 |
| Disagree strongly | 48.4 | 54.1 | |
| Disagree somewhat | 22.5 | 21.2 | |
| Uncertain | 9.7 | 9.3 | |
| Agree somewhat | 16.5 | 12.0 | |
| Agree strongly | 2.8 | 3.4 | |
| Enabling resources | | | |
| Income (% of poverty level) | | | <.001 |
| <100 (poor) | 8.5 | 21.3 | |
| 100–199 (low income) | 14.8 | 22.8 | |
| 200–399 (middle income) | 30.6 | 30.3 | |
| ≥400 (high income) | 46.1 | 25.6 | |
| Health insurance | | | <.001 |
| Private | 75.3 | 59.0 | |
| Public | 16.1 | 29.5 | |
| Uninsured | 8.6 | 11.5 | |
| Region | | | .054 |
| Northeast | 20.1 | 16.4 | |
| Midwest | 22.6 | 25.2 | |
| South | 35.2 | 37.4 | |
| West | 22.1 | 21.1 | |
| MSA | | | .026 |
| Urban | 82.5 | 79.2 | |
| Rural | 17.5 | 20.9 | |
| Need factors | | | |
| Health status | | | <.001 |
| Excellent | 22.8 | 11.9 | |
| Very good | 35.6 | 22.6 | |
| Good | 28.9 | 34.8 | |
| Fair | 10.0 | 19.2 | |
| Poor | 2.7 | 11.5 | |
| Mental health | | | <.001 |
| Excellent | 35.5 | 27.0 | |
| Very good | 32.7 | 23.5 | |
| Good | 25.1 | 32.4 | |
| Fair | 5.6 | 13.1 | |
| Poor | 1.2 | 4.0 | |
| Hypertension | 36.3 | 41.7 | .005 |
| Coronary heart disease | 6.0 | 8.6 | .002 |
| Angina | 3.0 | 4.4 | .024 |
| Myocardial infarction | 3.9 | 6.0 | .001 |
| Other heart disease | 10.8 | 13.7 | .010 |
| Stroke | 3.4 | 7.5 | <.001 |
| Emphysema | 2.4 | 5.1 | <.001 |
| High cholesterol | 36.6 | 35.8 | .662 |
| Diabetes | 10.7 | 14.6 | <.001 |
| Arthritis | 28.7 | 35.2 | <.001 |
| Asthma | 9.6 | 18.0 | <.001 |