Binary Hurdle Model (Logit) | Zero-Truncated Negative Binomial Model | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
Coefficient | t Value | Coefficient | t Value | |
Constant | −2.382* | −2.81 | −17.329* | −5.52 |
Predisposing characteristics | ||||
Age, years | ||||
45–64 | −0.651* | −7.76 | −0.490* | −2.15 |
≥65 | −0.738* | −5.39 | −0.717 | −1.93 |
Female sex | 0.339* | 4.51 | 0.244 | 1.23 |
Race | ||||
Black | 0.386* | 4.06 | −0.701* | −3.33 |
Other | −0.123 | −0.79 | −0.853* | −2.51 |
Hispanic ethnicity | −0.010 | −0.10 | 0.532* | 2.00 |
Education | ||||
GED/high school | 0.155 | 1.47 | 0.490* | 2.08 |
Bachelor's degree or more | −0.078 | −0.57 | 0.825* | 2.70 |
Employed | −0.043 | −0.44 | 0.187 | 0.93 |
Marital status | ||||
Widowed | 0.035 | 0.20 | 0.479 | 1.37 |
Divorced | 0.059 | 0.51 | −0.215 | −0.73 |
Separated | 0.313* | 1.98 | 0.248 | 0.56 |
Never married | 0.126 | 1.29 | 0.173 | 0.79 |
Able to speak English | 0.416* | 2.54 | 0.926 | 1.67 |
More likely to take risks | 0.061 | 0.61 | 0.206 | 0.94 |
Can overcome illness without medical help | −0.167 | −1.71 | −0.264 | −1.15 |
Enabling resources | ||||
Income (% of poverty level) | ||||
<100 (poor) | 0.716* | 5.15 | 0.177 | 0.59 |
100–199 (low income) | 0.495* | 3.98 | 0.098 | 0.41 |
200–399 (middle income) | 0.279* | 2.30 | 0.321 | 1.23 |
Health insurance | ||||
Public | 0.177 | 1.60 | 0.294 | 1.36 |
Uninsured | 0.064 | 0.54 | 0.503 | 1.92 |
Region | ||||
Midwest | 0.285* | 2.23 | 0.028 | 0.10 |
South | 0.088 | 0.67 | −0.188 | −0.71 |
West | 0.148 | 1.11 | −0.033 | −0.11 |
Urban MSA | −0.090 | −0.86 | 0.295 | 1.34 |
Need factors | ||||
Health status | ||||
Very good | 0.280* | 2.07 | −0.350 | −0.95 |
Good | 0.777* | 5.57 | 0.120 | 0.37 |
Fair | 1.047* | 6.31 | 0.713 | 1.87 |
Poor | 1.689* | 8.26 | 0.857* | 1.96 |
Mental health | ||||
Very good | −0.216* | −2.09 | 0.234 | 0.88 |
Good | −0.086 | −0.74 | 0.220 | 1.00 |
Fair | 0.045 | 0.32 | −0.185 | −0.63 |
Poor | 0.045 | 0.22 | 0.412 | 0.97 |
Hypertension | −0.105 | −1.10 | −0.233 | −0.91 |
Coronary heart disease | −0.103 | −0.70 | −0.104 | −0.25 |
Angina | 0.119 | 0.52 | 1.044* | 2.02 |
Myocardial infarction | −0.132 | −0.73 | 0.224 | 0.49 |
Other heart disease | −0.011 | −0.09 | −0.647 | −1.94 |
Stroke | −0.468* | −2.85 | −0.539 | −1.46 |
Emphysema | −0.041 | −0.22 | −0.211 | −0.66 |
High cholesterol | 0.054 | 0.55 | 0.724* | 3.36 |
Diabetes | −0.025 | −0.21 | 0.356 | 1.39 |
Arthritis | −0.066 | −0.73 | 0.126 | 0.67 |
Asthma | −0.335* | −3.42 | −0.310 | −1.52 |
Patient-provider communication | ||||
USC asks about other treatments | 0.164 | 1.79 | −0.152 | −0.76 |
USC shows respect for treatments | 0.062 | 0.69 | 0.161 | 0.78 |
USC asks person to help decide | −0.075 | −0.83 | 0.179 | 0.90 |
USC explains options to person | −0.154 | −1.09 | −0.316 | −0.90 |
USC speaks language or provides interpreter services | −0.344 | −0.83 | −2.063* | −2.28 |
Access | ||||
Transportation to USC | ||||
Is driven | 0.047 | 0.39 | 0.209 | 0.87 |
Public transportation | 0.155 | 0.90 | 0.065 | 0.20 |
Walks or other | −0.161 | -0.66 | 0.715 | 1.47 |
Time to USC, minutes | ||||
15–30 | −.077 | −0.99 | −0.211 | −1.13 |
31–60 | −0.044 | −0.33 | 0.418 | 1.20 |
>60 | 0.262 | 1.13 | 0.974* | 2.43 |
USC has office hours on nights and weekends | 0.051 | 0.62 | 0.324* | 2.02 |
Difficulty getting to USC | 0.323* | 2.45 | −0.144 | −0.53 |
Difficulty in contacting USC by phone | 0.144 | 1.50 | −0.297 | −1.18 |
Difficulty in contacting USC after hours | 0.180* | 2.29 | 0.387* | 1.96 |
↵* P < .05.
MSA, metropolitan statistical area; USC, usual source of care.