| Characteristics | Study Participants | General Population |
|---|---|---|
| Clinicians (n = 20) | ||
| Female sex | 13 (65.0) | |
| Age, mean years | 46.1 (7.2) | |
| Ethnicity | ||
| Non-Hispanic white | 17 (85.0) | |
| Hispanic | 3 (15.0) | |
| Specialty | ||
| Internal medicine | 5 (25.0) | |
| Family medicine | 10 (50.0) | |
| Nurse practitioner | 2 (10.0) | |
| Physician assistant | 3 (15.0) | |
| Patients (n = 63) | 2011 Community Health Adults (n = 67,256)* | |
| Sociodemographic | ||
| Female sex | 46 (73.0) | 41,990 (62.4) |
| Age, mean years ± SD (range) | 50.0 ± 13.6 (19.7–73.4) | 42.4* |
| Ethnicity | ||
| African American | 20 (31.7) | 11,539 (17.2) |
| Non-Hispanic white | 12 (19.0) | 19,885 (29.6) |
| Hispanic | 25 (39.7) | 32,116 (47.8) |
| American Indian | 3 (4.8) | 3716 (5.5)† |
| Multiethnic (non-Hispanic) | 3 (4.8) | |
| Insurance (n = 62) | 36 (58.1) | 27,319 (40.6) |
| Public | 1 (1.6) | 8,006 (11.9) |
| Private | 25 (40.3) | 31,928 (47.5) |
| No insurance | ||
| English-speaking (%) | 100 | 70.9 |
| Physical/mental health | ||
| Baseline PHQ-9 score (severity) | 17.5 ± 3.9 (moderately severe) | |
| Physical comorbidity categories, mean ± SD (range)‡ | 2.3 ± 1.6 (0–7) | |
| Treatment factors | ||
| Unique medications, mean ± SD (range) | 3.8 ± 2.6 (0–11) | |
| Previous antidepressant use | 27 (42.9) | |
| Antidepressant adherence | ||
| Obtained initial fill | 56 (88.6) | |
| PDC, mean ± SD (range) | 45.2 ± 33.6 (0–100) | |
| Patient-clinician relationship | ||
| Helping Alliance Questionnaire§ | 95.1 ± 16.1 (41–109) | |
| Change/sustain talk, mean ± SD (range) | ||
| Mean change talk statements per encounter‖ | 1.1 ± 1.0 (0–4) | |
| Mean sustain talk statements per encounter‖ | 0.7 ± 1.2 (0–5) |
Values are n (%) unless otherwise indicated.
↵* Mean age estimated from percentage of adults in age groups (19–34, 3549, 5060, and ≥65 years); overall adult data for the complete system excludes those aged 18 years.
↵† Categorized as “Other.”
↵‡ Physical comorbidities assessed with a count of up to 8 categories (arthritis, asthma, congestive heart failure, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, coronary heart disease, diabetes, hypertension, and lower back pain).
↵§ Helping Alliance Questionnaire assesses the patient's perception of participating in a collaborative relationship with the primary care clinician. A score of <89 is considered poor.
↵‖ Of 63 patients, 48 (76.2%) voiced any change talk, whereas 22 (34.9%) made any sustain talk. The mean scores are for all 63 patients and were calculated including those with no change or sustain talk statements.
SD, standard deviation; PDC, proportion of days covered. PHQ-9, patient health questionnaire.