Table 2.

Adjusted Associations of Patient and Usual Source of Care (USOC) Characteristics with Female USOC (N = 21,365)

AOR (95% CI)P
Patient characteristics
    Age, per 10 years0.90 (0.87–0.93)<.001
    Female2.48 (2.28–2.70)<.001
    Race/ethnicity
        Non-Hispanic whiteReference
        Hispanic (any race)0.93 (0.80–1.09).36
        Non-Hispanic black1.07 (0.92–1.24).40
        Non-Hispanic other0.99 (0.80–1.23).96
    Education level
        <High schoolReference
        Some high school1.08 (0.86–1.35).52
        High school graduate1.03 (0.85–1.25).78
        Some college1.01 (0.82–1.25).91
        College graduate1.29 (1.05–1.60).02
    Household income level, % FPL
        <100Reference
        100–1241.04 (0.81–1.33).76
        125–1990.99 (0.82–1.21).95
        200–3991.04 (0.87–1.24).69
        ≥4001.01 (0.84–1.21).93
    Census region
        NortheastReference
        Midwest0.95 (0.80–1.13).58
        South0.93 (0.81–1.07).29
        West1.10 (0.92–1.30).29
    Urbanicity (residence in MSA)1.43 (1.23–1.66)<.001
    Health insurance
        PrivateReference
        Public0.97 (0.85–1.11).69
        None0.88 (0.73–1.08).22
    Health status (SF-12)
        Physical Component Summary score1.00 (1.00–1.01).18
        Mental Component Summary score1.00 (0.99–1.00).28
    Self-rated health
        ExcellentReference
        Very good0.97 (0.87–1.09).66
        Good1.04 (0.91–1.18).60
        Fair1.03 (0.85–1.25).77
        Poor1.01 (0.76–1.33).96
    Chronic health conditions*1.02 (0.97–1.06).44
    Body mass index (kg/m2)
        <20Reference
        20–<251.01 (0.84–1.23).88
        25–<301.02 (0.83–1.24).87
        ≥301.06 (0.86–1.30).58
    Smoker0.93 (0.82–1.04).20
    Skepticism toward medical care1.01 (0.96–1.07).65
    Survey panel year1.07 (1.04–1.10)<.001
USOC characteristics
    Specialty
        Family medicine/general practiceReference
        General internal medicine1.12 (0.98–1.28).10
        Subspecialty0.78 (0.61–1.01).06
    Non-Hispanic white0.65 (0.58–0.74)<.001

  • ↵* From a count of 8 conditions: diabetes, hypertension, coronary heart disease, myocardial infarction, cerebrovascular disease, asthma, emphysema, and arthritis.

  • AOR, adjusted odds ratio; CI, confidence interval; FPL, Federal Poverty Level; MSA, metropolitan statistical area; SF-12, 12-item Short Form.