Table 1. Changes in Physician Comfort Levels with Smoking Cessation Counseling and Self-Reported Counseling Behaviors Before and After the Intervention (n = 17)

	Before Intervention	After Intervention	P
Comfort/self-efficacy subscale (mean score)^*
Effective counseling of patients	4.3	5.0	.006
Comfort following patients who are attempting to quit	4.9	5.6	.04
Physician smoking cessation counseling behavior subscale (mean score)^†
Summed 5 As behavior	11.0	11.8	.03
Advising smokers to quit	2.5	2.7	.05
Assisting smokers with quitting	2.0	2.2	.09
Physician performance, % (n)
Use of stage-specific interventions	71 (12)	100 (17)	Unavailable
Use of motivational interviewing	82 (14)	94 (16)	.48
Use of Public Health Service guidelines	12 (2)	29 (5)	.39
Use of nicotine lozenges	18 (3)	47 (8)	.07
Physician smoking cessation knowledge subscale
Overall knowledge (%)	75.2	76.9	NS
Smoking pharmacologic treatment knowledge	50	64.7	.05

↵* Based on a 7-point Likert scale, with 1 = very uncomfortable and 7 = very uncomfortable.
↵† Based on a 4-point Likert scale with 0 = never, 1 = sometimes, 2 = often, and 3 = always.
NS, not significant.