Adjusted Associations of Patient and Usual Source of Care (USOC) Characteristics in Year 1 With All-Cause Mortality in Year 2 (N = 11,328)
Adjusted HR* (95% CI) | P | |
---|---|---|
Patient characteristics | ||
Age, per 10 years | 2.39 (2.08–2.76) | <.001 |
Female | 0.51 (0.38–0.69) | <.001 |
Race/ethnicity (ref = Non-Hispanic white) | ||
Non-Hispanic white | Reference | |
Hispanic (any race) | 0.64 (0.41–1.01) | .05 |
Non-Hispanic black | 1.56 (1.01–2.39) | .04 |
Non-Hispanic other | 0.87 (0.35–2.16) | .77 |
Education level | ||
<High school | Reference | |
Some high school | 1.03 (0.69–1.55) | .88 |
High school graduate | 0.78 (0.51–1.19) | .24 |
Some college | 1.20 (0.71–2.02) | .50 |
College graduate | 0.66 (0.41–1.07) | .09 |
Household income level, % FPL (ref <100%) | ||
<100% | Reference | |
100–124 | 1.57 (0.90–2.75) | .11 |
125–199 | 1.29 (0.85–1.98) | .23 |
200–399 | 1.32 (0.89–1.95) | .16 |
≥400 | 1.45 (0.92–2.30) | .11 |
Census region | ||
Northeast | Reference | |
Midwest | 0.85 (0.54–1.34) | .48 |
South | 1.03 (0.74–1.43) | .86 |
West | 1.26 (0.85–1.89) | .25 |
Urbanicity (residence in MSA) | 0.94 (0.68–1.30) | .71 |
Health insurance | ||
Private | Reference | |
Public | 0.94 (0.70–1.26) | .67 |
None | 0.64 (0.26–1.57) | .33 |
Health status (SF-12) | ||
Physical Component Summary score | 0.97 (0.96–0.98) | <.001 |
Mental Component Summary score | 0.99 (0.97–1.00) | .11 |
Self-rated health | ||
Excellent | Reference | |
Very good | 1.25 (0.73–2.17) | .42 |
Good | 1.42 (0.85–2.37) | .17 |
Fair | 2.01 (1.13–3.59) | .02 |
Poor | 2.46 (1.26–4.83) | .01 |
Chronic health conditions* | 1.06 (0.95–1.18) | .31 |
Body mass index (kg/m2) | ||
<20 | Reference | |
20–<25 | 0.35 (0.23–0.53) | <.001 |
25–<30 | 0.21 (0.14–0.33) | <.001 |
≥30 | 0.21 (0.12–0.36) | <.001 |
Smoker | 1.68 (1.16–2.46) | .01 |
Skepticism toward medical care | 0.93 (0.76–1.13) | .44 |
Survey panel year | 1.14 (0.96–1.36) | .13 |
USOC characteristics | ||
Specialty (ref = family medicine/general practice) | ||
Family medicine/general practice | Reference | |
General internal medicine | 1.13 (0.81–1.56) | .47 |
Subspecialty | 1.58 (0.92–2.71) | .10 |
Non-Hispanic white | 0.86 (0.61–1.21) | .39 |
Female | 0.94 (0.64–1.38) | .76 |
↵* Adjusted hazard ratio (HR) is from a Cox proportional hazards regression limited to respondents enrolled from 2002–2006 (since National Death Index mortality data was available only through December 31, 2006).
†From a count of 8 conditions: diabetes, hypertension, coronary heart disease, myocardial infarction, cerebrovascular disease, asthma, emphysema, and arthritis.
CI, confidence interval; FPL, Federal Poverty Level; HR, hazard ratio; MSA, metropolitan statistical area; SF-12, 12-item Short Form.