| Service | Recommendation | Agency | Grade* |
|---|---|---|---|
| STI counseling | |||
| High intensity | 3–9 Hours of counseling conducted over multiple sessions and in groups | USPSTF | B |
| Brief/short | Single session or intervention lasting <30 minutes | USPSTF | I |
| Cervical cancer screening (cytology) | Do not screen before age 21 | USPSTF | D |
| HPV testing | Do not use for screening in those younger than 30 | USPSTF | D |
| HPV vaccination | Before onset of sexual activity at age 11 to 12 years, no earlier than age 9 years, in both females and males | ACIP | A |
| Folic acid supplementation | 400–800 μg of folate for all women of reproductive age to prevent neural tube defects | USPSTF | A |
↵* Grade of recommendations is based on USPSTF definitions: A = high certainty of substantial benefit/offer or provide service; B = high or moderate certainty of moderate or substantial benefit/offer or provide service; C = likely only a small benefit for most individuals without signs or symptoms/may provide service to selected patients based on individual circumstances; D = moderate or high certainty of no benefit or harms outweigh benefits/recommend against service; I = evidence is lacking, of poor quality, or conflicting, and the balance of benefits and harms cannot be determined.
Data taken from U.S. Preventive Services Task Force1⇓–3 and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.4
ACIP, Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices; HPV, human papillomavirus; STI, sexually transmitted infection; USPSTF, U.S. Preventive Services Task Force.