Outcome Measure | Treatment Group | 4P* | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Control (n = 61) | Intervention (n = 64) | G | T | G × T | |
Minnesota Nicotine Withdrawal Scale score | |||||
Unadjusted mixed model† | |||||
Week 3 | 14.7 (12.7–16.7) | 13.4 (11.4–15.3) | .56 | .06 | .42 |
Week 6 | 15.6 (13.5–17.7) | 15.5 (13.5–17.5) | |||
Adjusted mixed model‡ | |||||
Week 3 | 14.4 (12.2–16.8) | 12.9 (10.7–15.1) | .46 | .10 | .58 |
Week 6 | 15.4 (13.0–17.8) | 14.8 (12.5–17.1) | |||
Perceived Stress Scale score | |||||
Unadjusted mixed model† | |||||
Week 3 | 5.2 (4.5–5.9) | 4.8 (4.1–5.5) | .42 | .05 | .75 |
Week 6 | 5.6 (4.9–6.3) | 5.3 (4.6–6.0) | |||
Adjusted mixed model‡ | |||||
Week 3 | 5.0 (4.3–5.8) | 4.8 (4.0–5.5) | .61 | .16 | .99 |
Week 6 | 5.4 (4.6–6.2) | 5.1 (4.4–5.9) | |||
Cigarettes smoked among nonabstinent patients§ (n) | |||||
Unadjusted mixed model† | |||||
Week 3 | 9.5 (6.7–12.2) | 6.8 (4.1–9.5) | .17 | .34 | .73 |
Week 6 | 10.0 (7.3–12.7) | 8.0 (5.3–10.7) | |||
Adjusted mixed model‡ | |||||
Week 3 | 7.9 (4.9–10.9) | 7.0 (3.9–10.1) | .76 | .29 | .79 |
Week 6 | 8.7 (5.7–11.7) | 8.3 (5.2–11.4) |
↵* Reported P values for each measure represent overall tests about type 3 fixed effects for both unadjusted and adjusted models.
↵† Values represent least squares mean (95% confidence interval) estimates from an unadjusted mixed model in which each outcome was regressed for treatment group (G), time occasion (T), the interaction between group and time (G × T), and the value of the outcome measure before measurement.
↵‡ Values represent least squares mean (95% confidence interval) estimates from an adjusted mixed model that controls for age, sex, and the motivation to quit smoking at baseline.
↵§ Study participants that remained nonabstinent at weeks 3 and 6, according to urine cotinine levels.