Table 1. Baseline Medical, Smoking, and Demographic Characteristics by Treatment Group (N = 125)
CharacteristicsTreatment GroupP
Control (n = 61)Intervention (n = 64)
Demographics
    Sex (% female)14 (23.0)16 (25.0).79
    Age (years)55.3 ± 9.155.8 ± 10.0.81
    Race.67*
        1 (African-American)42 (68.9)38 (59.4)
        2 (American Indian)0 (0.0)0 (0.0)
        3 (Asian-American)1 (1.6)1 (1.6)
        4 (Hispanic)0 (0.0)1 (1.6)
        5 (Non-Hispanic white)18 (29.5)24 (37.5)
        6 (Other)0 (0.0)0 (0.0)
    Married22 (36.1)26 (40.6).60
    Education (>12 years)56 (91.8)58 (90.6).82
    Currently employed18 (30.0)16 (25.8).61
Medical
    General health rating.87*
        0 (Poor)6 (10.0)9 (14.1)
        1 (Good)51 (85.0)52 (81.3)
        2 (Excellent)3 (5.0)3 (4.7)
    Comorbidities
        Anxiety5 (8.2)10 (16.4).17
        Asthma9 (14.8)9 (15.0).97
        CAD11 (18.0)9 (14.8).62
        Cancer5 (8.2)3 (4.9).72*
        COPD9 (14.8)9 (15.0).97
        Depression17 (27.9)25 (41.0).13
        Diabetes20 (32.8)19 (31.2).85
        PTSD6 (9.8)11 (18.3).18
        Other12 (19.7)15 (24.6).51
Smoking history
    Age started smoking (years)16.8 ± 4.117.6 ± 5.1.34
    Years smoked35.4 ± 13.034.2 ± 12.6.62
    Packs per day1.7 ± 3.91.8 ± 5.3.89
    Times quit for >24 hours during the past month0.5 ± 1.10.9 ± 1.5.14
    Has a spouse or significant other who smokes16 (30.8)25 (45.4).12
Questionnaires
    Transtheoretical Model of Change category.60
        1 (Precontemplation)4 (7.3)6 (10.5)
        2 (Contemplation)21 (38.2)17 (29.8)
        3 (Preparation)30 (54.6)34 (59.7)
    Fagerstr|f-m Test of Nicotine Dependence.19*
        1 (Low)0 (0.0)4 (6.3)
        2 (Medium)47 (79.7)47 (73.4)
        3 (High)12 (20.3)13 (20.3)
    Motivation to quit smoking (on a scale of 1–10)7.5 ± 2.48.6 ± 1.7.003
    Minnesota Nicotine Withdrawal Scale Score19.0 ± 10.219.6 ± 10.9.75
    Patient Health Questionnaire Score5.1 ± 4.55.9 ± 5.5.36
    Perceived Stress Scale Score5.4 ± 2.85.8 ± 2.9.45

  • Continuous variables are reported as (mean ± standard deviation). Categorical variables represent number of patients (%).

  • ↵* Fisher exact test.

  • CAD, coronary artery disease; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; PTSD, posttraumatic stress disorder.