| HIT Implementation Stage | Average % Positive Rating | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| N (%) | Patient Centered | Effective (Scientific) | Timely | Efficient (Cost-Effective) | Equitable | Overall Safety of Systems | Averagef Quality Score | |
| Electronic appointment scheduling | ||||||||
| Not implemented | 6 (2) | 76 (60–92) | 78 (64–91) | 55 (36–73) | 62 (46–78) | 89 (79–99) | 57 (42–73) | 71 (59–83) |
| Planned within 12 months | 3 (1) | 56 (34–78) | 67 (47–86) | 35 (9–60) | 42 (20–64) | 84 (71–97) | 45 (22–67) | 54 (37–71) |
| Implementation in process | 5 (2) | 64 (47–80) | 72 (57–86) | 47 (28–66) | 49 (32–65) | 78 (68–88) | 62 (46–78) | 62 (50–75) |
| Fully implemented | 289 (95) | 66 (62–71) | 70 (67–74) | 48 (44–51) | 54 (49–59) | 83 (80–86) | 62 (59–66) | 64 (60–68) |
| P | .4518 | .7115 | .6602 | .4404 | .4415 | .4218 | .3743 | |
| Electronic medication ordering | ||||||||
| Not implemented | 32 (10) | 71 (64–79) | 73 (67–80) | 47 (39–55) | 56 (48–64) | 84 (79–89) | 63 (56–69) | 66 (60–71) |
| Planned within 12 months | 51 (17) | 66 (60–73) | 69 (63–74) | 46 (40–53) | 50 (43–57) | 82 (78–86) | 58 (53–64) | 62 (57–67) |
| Implementation in process | 62 (20) | 63 (57–69) | 69 (64–74) | 47 (41–52) | 53 (46–59) | 81 (77–85) | 60 (55–65) | 62 (58–66) |
| Fully implemented | 160 (52) | 67 (62–71) | 70 (67–74) | 48 (44–52) | 55 (48–61) | 83 (80–86) | 64 (60–67) | 65 (61–68) |
| P | .2144 | .5742 | .9255 | .3900 | .4929 | .3017 | .3738 | |
| Electronic procedure and image ordering | ||||||||
| Not implemented | 52 (17) | 70 (63–76) | 70 (65–76) | 47 (41–53) | 53 (47–58) | 84 (80–88) | 61 (56–67) | 64 (60–69) |
| Planned within 12 months | 62 (21) | 61 (55–67) | 65 (60–70) | 41 (35–47) | 47 (42–52)* | 80 (76–84) | 57 (52–63) | 59 (54–63)* |
| Implementation in process | 49 (16) | 67 (61–73) | 73 (67–78) | 50 (43–56) | 58 (53–64)* | 85 (81–89) | 66 (60–71) | 66 (62–71)* |
| Fully implemented | 139 (46) | 67 (62–71) | 71 (67–74) | 49 (45–53) | 54 (50–57) | 83 (80–86) | 63 (59–66) | 64 (61–68) |
| P | .0688 | .1044 | .0953 | .0189 | .0630 | .1230 | .0274 | |
| Electronic results access | ||||||||
| Not implemented | 12 (4) | 77 (65–88) | 71 (61–81) | 53 (40–66) | 55 (44–67) | 90 (82–97)* | 71 (59–82) | 71 (62–79) |
| Planned within 12 months | 16 (5) | 62 (52–72) | 63 (55–72) | 37 (26–48) | 49 (39–59) | 76 (70–82)* | 55 (46–65) | 58 (50–65) |
| Implementation in process | 69 (23) | 65 (59–71) | 69 (64–74) | 45 (39–51) | 52 (45–58) | 83 (79–87) | 60 (55–66) | 62 (58–67) |
| Fully implemented | 207 (68) | 67 (62–71) | 71 (67–74) | 49 (46–53) | 54 (49–60) | 83 (80–86) | 63 (60–67) | 65 (61–68) |
| P | .1678 | .3139 | .0954 | .5264 | .0189 | .1429 | .0777 | |
| Electronic health/medical records | ||||||||
| Not implemented | 35 (12) | 66 (59–73) | 70 (64–76) | 47 (39–54) | 53 (46–59) | 83 (78–87) | 59 (53–66) | 64 (58–69) |
| Planned within 12 months | 48 (16) | 60 (53–66) | 65 (60–71) | 41 (34–48) | 46 (41–52) | 80 (76–84) | 57 (52–63) | 58 (53–63) |
| Implementation in process | 35 (12) | 68 (61–75) | 70 (64–76) | 49 (42–57) | 55 (49–62) | 84 (80–89) | 61 (54–67) | 64 (59–70) |
| Fully implemented | 186 (61) | 67 (63–71) | 71 (67–75) | 49 (45–52) | 54 (51–57) | 83 (80–86) | 64 (60–67) | 65 (61–68) |
| P | .1291 | .2695 | .1816 | .0798 | .4566 | .1723 | .0643 | |
Data presented as means adjusted for role and office size (95% confidence intervals) unless otherwise indicated. Note that HIT elements were added individually for models that each included office size and role.
↵* Post hoc pair-wise difference statistically significant at P < .05 after Tukey's adjustment for multiple comparisons.