| EHR | EHR + Fulfillment | EHR + Fulfillment + PHQ-9 | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Episodes, n | 81,028 | 46,131 | 284 |
| Subjects, n | 61,464 | 37,416 | 259 |
| Episodes per subject | |||
| Mean | 1.3 | 1.2 | 1.1 |
| Median | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 |
| Range | 1–11 | 1–6 | 1–5 |
| Demographic characteristics of episodes | |||
| Age at start of episode (years) | |||
| Mean | 57.71 | 63.18 | 52.47 |
| Median | 59.00 | 67.00 | 53.00 |
| Range | 13–89 | 13–89 | 16–88 |
| Age group | |||
| Adolescent, 13–18 years | 1649 (2.04) | 472 (1.02) | 7 (2.46) |
| Adult, 19–64 years | 44,208 (54.56) | 19,197 (41.61) | 192 (67.61) |
| Older adult, ≥65 years | 35,171 (43.41) | 26,462 (57.36) | 85 (29.93) |
| Female sex | 56,547 (69.79) | 30,818 (66.81) | 204 (71.83) |
| Clinical characteristics of episodes | |||
| Length of episode (days) | |||
| Mean | 655.53 | 701.03 | 759.47 |
| Median | 436.00 | 477.00 | 626.00 |
| Primary diagnosis of episode* | |||
| 296.2x | 9305 (11.48) | 5437 (11.79) | 9 (3.17) |
| 296.3x | 7107 (8.77) | 5528 (11.98) | 7 (2.46) |
| 300.4x | 11,319 (13.97) | 6922 (15.01) | 22 (7.75) |
| 311.x | 53,297 (65.78) | 28,244 (61.23) | 246 (86.62) |
| Episode severity† | |||
| Unspecified | 7819 (47.64) | 5365 (48.93) | 3 (18.75) |
| Mild | 2934 (17.88) | 2436 (22.22) | 4 (25.00) |
| Moderate | 3043 (18.54) | 1394 (12.71) | 5 (31.25) |
| Severe without psychosis | 539 (3.28) | 378 (3.45) | 1 (6.25) |
| Severe with psychosis | 225 (1.37) | 200 (1.82) | 0 (0.00) |
| Severity missing | 1852 (11.28) | 1192 (10.87) | 3 (18.75) |
| Type of episode at start | |||
| Index | 60,361 (74.49) | 37,222 (80.69) | 258 (90.85) |
| Recurrent | 20,667 (25.51) | 8909 (19.31) | 26 (9.15) |
| Episode end type | |||
| Full | 70 (0.09) | 68 (0.15) | 0 (0.00) |
| Partial | 72 (0.09) | 47 (0.10) | 0 (0.00) |
| Continuation/unknown | 80,886 (99.82) | 46,016 (99.75) | 284 (100.0) |
All data provided as n (%) unless otherwise indicated.
↵* Code from the International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision (ICD-9).
↵† Among ICD-9 codes 296.2 or 296.3; severity levels defined as 0–4 (no depression), 5–9 (minimal), 10–14 (mild), 15–19 (moderate), and 20–27 (major).21 Scores from item 9 (suicidality) of the 9-item Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) were characterized by raw scores indicating frequency of suicidal thoughts in the past 2 weeks: 0 (none), 1 (several days), 2 (more than half the days), or 3 (nearly every day).
EHR, electronic health record; PHQ-9, 9-item Patient Health Questionnaire.