Demographics of included studies
| Study (Sample Size) | Study Type | Follow-Up Time (weeks) | Increase in Fiber Versus Control Group (g) | Female Sex (%) | Age (Mean Years [SD]) | Body Mass Index (Mean [SD]) | Study Quality by GRADE Assessment | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Control Group | Fiber Group | Control Group | Fiber Group | Control Group | Fiber Group | |||||
| Karlstrom 1984 (n = 28) | RXO | 3 | 23.5 | 50 | 50 | NR | NR | NR | NR | High |
| Hollenbeck 1986 (n = 12) | RXO | 4 | 31.4 | NR | NR | 55.0 (4.0) | 55.0 (4.0) | 25.8 (1.4) | 25.8 (1.4) | Moderate |
| Holman 1987 (n = 58) | RXO | 8 | 15 | 17.2 | 17.2 | 54.2 (10.7) | 54.2 (10.7) | 26.5 (3.1) | 26.5 (3.1) | High |
| Hagander 1988 (n = 28) | RXO | 8 | 28 | 64.3 | 64.3 | 69.1 (5.6) | 69.1 (5.6) | 29.2 (4.4) | 29.2 (4.4) | High |
| Uusitupa 1989 (n = 39) | RCT | 12 | 15 | 73.4 | 60 | NR | NR | NR | NR | High |
| Lalor 1990 (n = 38) | RXO | 12 | 15 | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | High |
| Karlander 1991 (n = 10) (diet only arm) | RXO | 6 | 16 | 80 | 80 | 57.2 (8.9) | 57.2 (8.9) | 32.5 (4.0) | 32.5 (4.0) | Moderate |
| Chuang 1992 (n = 32) | RXO | 8 | 15 | 56.3 | 56.3 | 52.1 (14.4) | 52.1 (14.4) | 25.7 (4.4)* | 25.7 (4.4)* | High |
| Chandalia 2000 (n = 26) | RXO | 6 | 26 | 7.7 | 7.7 | 61 (9) | 61 (9) | 32.3 (3.9) | 32.3 (3.9) | High |
| Jenkins 2002 (n = 46) | RXO | 12 | 15 | 30.4 | 30.4 | 63.0 (4.8) | 63.0 (4.8) | 26.7 (5.3) | 26.7 (5.3) | High |
| Feldheim 2003 (n = 19) | RCT | 8 | 6 | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | Moderate |
| Lu 2004 (n = 30) | RXO | 5 | 15 | 60 | 60 | 60.0 (7.7) | 60.0 (7.7) | 28.1 (3.5) | 28.1 (3.5) | Moderate |
| Cho 2005 (n = 30) | RCT | 8 | 4 | 53.3 | 53.3 | 57.2 (10.1) | 57.1 (11.2) | 23.4 (2.3) | 23.7 (1.5) | High |
| Ziai 2005 (n = 36) | RCT | 8 | 10.2 | NR | NR | 53.6 (8.1) | 51.9 (10.1) | 27.5 (3.5) | 26.6 (4.6) | High |
| Ikem 2007 (n = 52) | RCT | 8 | 40 | 41.1 | 54.3 | 58.2 (8.8) | 57.6 (6.3) | 24.5 (3.4) | 23.8 (3.3) | High |
↵* Calculated from reported height and weight values.
NR, not reported; RCT, randomized controlled trial; RXO, randomized crossover trial.