Table 1.

Risk Factors That Increase the Likelihood of Neonatal Herpes Simplex Virus Infection

Risk Factors
If maternal infection is present at time of delivery

  • Use of fetal scalp electrode

  • Prolonged rupture of membranes (longer than 6 hours)

  • Vaginal delivery

  • Presence of cervical lesions

  • Primary infection with HSV

In a neonate undergoing evaluation and/or treatment

  • Presence of CSF pleocytosis

  • Skin, eye, or mouth lesions

  • Symptoms of lethargy, seizure, poor feeding, or irritability during the first month of life

  • Has been receiving antibiotics for fever without clinical improvement

  • HSV, herpes simplex virus; CSF, cerebrospinal fluid.