Clinical Characteristics of Study Cohorts
| Characteristic | Total Population (N = 783) | Cohort 1* (n = 332) | Cohort 2† (n = 447) | P |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Clinic seeing patient | <.001 | |||
| Hospital clinic | 554 | 66% | 75% | |
| Community clinic #1 | 126 | 15% | 17% | |
| Community clinic #2 | 99 | 20% | 7% | |
| Seen by midlevel provider (PA/NP), not physician | 542 | 74% | 66% | .02 |
| Initial antibiotic used | .01 | |||
| TMP-SMX | 411 | 58% | 49% | |
| Fluoroquinolone | 149 | 20% | 19% | |
| Nitrofurantoin | 187 | 19% | 28% | |
| Other medicine | 24 | 2% | 4% | |
| No medication prescribed | 8 | 0.3% | 1.6% | |
| Allergic to TMP-SMX | 91 | 12% | 11% | .78 |
| Fever at initial visit‡ | 1 | 0% | 0.2% | 1.0 |
| Nausea or vomiting‡ | 62 | 6% | 9% | .27 |
| Flank pain or CVA tenderness‡ | 115 | 13% | 16% | .61 |
↵* No urine culture ordered.
↵† Urine culture ordered.
↵‡ Some patients (n) were missing data from these variables: fever, n = 32; nausea/vomiting, n = 221; flank pain/CVA tenderness, n = 172. Unpaired t test was used to compare means. χ2 test was used to compare proportions (missing data excluded), and Fisher's exact test was used for fever.
PA, physician's assistant; NP, nurse practitioner; TMP-SMX, trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole; CVA, costovertebral angle.