Logistic Regression Models for the Associations of Mental Health Diagnoses With Duration of Prescription Opioid Use*
| Depression | Anxiety | PTSD | Substance Abuse | Sedative-Hypnotic Use | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| None (reference category) | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Acute† | 1.15 (1.06–1.25) | 1.00 (0.88–1.14) | 1.34 (0.96–1.88) | 1.44 (1.32–1.57) | 1.94 (1.79–2.11) |
| Episodic† | 1.35 (1.05–1.74) | 0.95 (0.62–1.45) | 0.31 (0.04–2.28) | 1.56 (1.17–2.08) | 2.99 (2.38–3.75) |
| Chronic† | 1.49 (1.35–1.64) | 1.44 (1.24–1.66) | 2.07 (1.44–2.96) | 2.77 (2.50–3.08) | 4.00 (3.65–4.39) |
Values provided as odds ratios (95% CI).
↵* All models adjusted for age, gender, comorbidity score, and number of hospitalizations in the past year. The models for depression and for substance abuse also adjusted for the use of sedative-hypnotics.
↵† “Acute” was defined as use for ≥90 days. “Episodic” was defined as use for >90days but <120 days with fewer than 10 prescription fills. “Chronic” was defined as use for ≥120 days or >90 days with 10 or more prescription fills.
PTSD, posttraumatic stress disorder.