Selected Marketed Tests and Their Performance Characteristics among Low-Risk Populations
| Test, References | Target Condition(s) | Prevalence (%)* | Sensitivity (%) | Specificity (%) | PPV (%) | Cost (US $) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Whole-body CT1,3–6 | Lung cancer† | 0.5 | 55–86 | 49–95 | 1.2–8 | 500 to 1300 |
| Heart scan (electron beam computed tomography)9 | Obstructive coronary artery disease | 10 | 80‡ | 40‡ | 13 | 200 to 500 |
| Quantitative ultrasound of the heel8,13–16 | Osteoporosis of the hip | 6–25 | 71‡ | 73‡ | 14–47 | 15 to 110 |
| Carotid artery duplex sonography 8,17 | Carotid stenosis | 0.5–10 | 83–86 | 89–94 | 7–61 | 30 to 150 |
* Estimated prevalence range of target condition in US adults of age 40 to 70. Point prevalences are the highest likely prevalence in a general screening population.
† For most other plausible target conditions of whole-body CT, insufficient data exist to calculate performance characteristics.
‡ For these tests, sensitivities and specificities shown in the Table are the maximum simultaneous values based on receiver-operating characteristics.
PPV, positive predictive value.