Investor-Owned Care: Comparative Examples versus Not-For-Profit Care
| Hospitals | Costs 3% to 13% higher, with higher overhead, fewer nurses, and death rates 6% to 13% higher.11,17,88 |
| HMOs | Higher overhead (25% to 33% for some of the largest HMOs), worse scores on 14 of 14 quality indicators reported to National Committee for Quality Assurance32,33 |
| Dialysis centers | Death rates 30% higher, with 26% less use of transplants81,82 |
| Nursing homes | More citations for poor quality of care (30% committed violations which caused death or life-threatening harm to patients)85 |
| Mental health centers | Medicare expelled 80 programs after investigations found that 91% of claims were fraudulent89 |