Patient- and Provider-Targeted Interventions to Increase Papanicolaou Smear Use.
| Intervention | Author, Year | Intervention Content | Sample Size | Number (%) Screened | Effect Size | 95% CI | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Intervention | Control | Intervention | Control | |||||
| Behavioral, usual-care control | Becker et al, 1989124 | Chart reminder, reminder letter | 114 | 123 | 14 (12.3) | 7 (5.7) | 6.6 | −0.7, 13.9 |
| McPhee et al, 1991109 * | Computerized reminder, patient-carried prompt | 710 | 710 | 366 (51.6)† | 286 (40.3)† | 11.3 | 6.1, 16.5 | |
| Behavioral, active controls | Ornstein et al, 1991111 | Computerized reminder, reminder letter | 1,006 | 843 | 402 (40.0) | 387 (46.0) | −6.0 | −10.5, −1.5 |
| Somkin et al, 1997116 | Reminder letter, reminder with completion | 1,188 | 1,188 | 271 (22.8) | 108 (9.1) | 13.8 | 10.9, 16.7 | |
| Behavioral and cognitive, usual-care controls | Gemson et al, 199599 ‡ | Educational pamphlet, health diary, office reminder | Pre: 38 | Pre: 35 | Pre: NA | Pre: NA | 6.0 | NA |
| Post: 71 | Post: 53 | Post: NA | Post: NA | |||||
| Dietrich et al, 199898 ‡ | Chart reminder, educational workshop, patient-carried prompt | 1,059 | 918 | 585 (55.2) | 572 (62.2) | −7.0 | −10.6, −3.4 | |
| Melnikow et al, 2000110 | Computerized reminder, reminder with completion, educational workshop, office reminder | Pre: 295 | Pre: 310 | Pre: 136 (46.0) | Pre: 205 (66.0) | 3.0 | −8.0, 14.0 | |
| Post: 295 | Post: 310 | Post: 139 (47.0) | Post: 198 (64.0) | |||||
| Behavioral and cognitive, active controls | Turner et al, 1989121 | Computerized reminder, educational pamphlet | 42 | 42 | 17 (40.0) | 12 (27.5) | 12.5 | −7.5, 32.5 |
| Burack et al, 199885 | Letter reminder, educational pamphlet, computerized reminder | 960 | 964 | 307 (32.0) | 270 (28.0) | 4.0 | −0.1, 8.1 | |
| Manfredi et al, 1998106 | Reminder with completion, audit with feedback, patient-carried prompt, educational workshop | 821 | 647 | 429 (52.3) | 269 (41.6) | 10.0 | 4.9, 15.1 | |
| Behavioral, cognitive (generic), and sociologic | Williams et al, 1998123 | Reminder letter, educational pamphlet, computerized reminder, educational workshop | 725 | 725 | 159 (21.9) | 183 (25.2) | −3.3 | −7.7, 1.1 |
| Behavioral, theory-based cognitive and sociologic | Paskett et al, 199979 | Reminder letter, health diary, chart reminders, educational mass media, educational pamphlet, educational counseling, lay health worker, educational workshop | Pre: 125 | Pre: 123 | Pre: 91 (73.0) | Pre: 82 (67.0) | 21.0 | 6.0, 36.0 |
| Post: 168 | Post: 134 | Post: 146 (87.0) | Post: 80 (60.0) | |||||
NA = not available.
* Three-year rates of Papanicolaou smear use converted to annual rates of Papanicolaou smear use.
† Represents compliance scores.
‡ Based on Papanicolaou being recommended or completed.