Table 1.

Trials Comparing Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors/Angiotensin Receptor Blockers with Other Regimes in Hypertensive Patients*

Trial	Year	Type of Patients (n)	Years of Follow-up (n)	Drugs Compared	Entry BP (mm Hg)	BP Difference During Study	P	Primary Endpoint	Relative Risk	95% CI	Other Significant Outcome Differences	P
UKPDS⁷	1998	Hypertensive (n = 758)	9	Captopril vs atenolol	159/93	NS	NA	Cli diab event	1.1	0.86–1.41	None	NS
		Hypertensive (n = 758)		Captopril vs atenolol				Diabetes death	1.27	0.82–1.97		NS
								Total mortality	1.14	0.81–1.61		NS
CAPPP⁸	1999	Hypertensive (n = 10,985)	6.1	Captopril vs DIUs/β-blockers	162/100	Captopril; BP higher 2/2	NA	MI, stroke, CV death	1.05	0.90–1.22	43% higher incidence of stroke in captopril group	.004
STOP-2⁹	1999	Hypertensive (n = 4418)	4.6	ACEIs vs conventional	194/98	NS	NA	CV death	1.01	0.84–1.22	None	NS
LIFE¹⁰	2002	Hypertensive (n = 9193)	4.8	Losartan vs atenolol	174/98	Losartan; SBP lower 1.1	.017	CV death, stroke, MI^†	0.87	0.77–0.98	25% stroke reduction in losartan group	.001
ALLHAT¹¹	2002/2003	Hypertensive (n = 24,309)	4.9	Chlorthalidone vs lisinopril	146/84	Lisinopril SBP higher 2	<.001	Fatal CHD, nonfatal MI	0.99	0.91–1.08	Lisinopril group: 15% higher stroke	.02
											19% higher HF	<.001
ANBP-2¹²	2003	(n = 26,083)	4.1	ACEIs vs DIUs	168/91	NS	NA	CVS event total mortality^‡	0.89	0.79–1.00	In men, RR = 0.83	.02
											In women, RR = 0.98;	.98
JMIC-B¹³	2004	Hypertensive (n = 1650)	3	ACEIs vs nifedipine	145/82	ACEI BP higher 4/1	<.01	Cardiac event	1.05	0.81–1.37	ACEI group coronary lumen narrowed	NS
VALUE¹⁴	2004	Hypertensive (n = 15,245)	4.2	Amlodipine vs valsartan	155/88	Valsartan BP higher 2.1/1.7	<.0001	CV event	1.04	0.94–1.15	Valsartan group 19% higher MI	.02

* Trials should show (1) no significant difference in primary endpoint in most studies and (2) the group with lower blood pressure had lower adverse clinical outcome regardless of strategy.
† P = .021.
‡ P = .05.
Cli diab, clinical diabetes; DIUs, diuretics; ACEIs, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors; NS, not significant; NA, not available; BP, blood pressure; MI, myocardial infarction; CV, cardiovascular; SBP, systolic blood pressure; CHD: coronary heart disease; UKPDS, United Kingdom Prospective Diabetes Study Group; CAPPP, Captopril Prevention Project; STOP-2, Swedish Trial in Old Patients with Hypertension 2; LIFE, Losartan Intervention For Endpoint Reduction in Hypertension Study; ALLHAT, Antihypertensive and Lipid-Lowering Treatment to Prevent Heart Attack Trial; ANBP-2, Second Australian National Blood Pressure Study Group; JMIC-B, Japan Multicenter Investigation for Cardiovascular Diseases-B randomized trial; VALUE, Valsartan Antihypertensive Long-Term Use Evaluation; RR, relative risk; HF, heart failure.