Demographics and Characteristics of Adults (≥20 Years Old) with Diagnosed Diabetes by Nephropathy Status
| Nephropathy | No Nephropathy | P | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age (%) | |||
| 20 to 45 | 17.8 | 18.6 | .81 |
| >45 | 82.2 | 81.4 | |
| Sex (%) | |||
| Male | 56.4 | 44.1 | <.01 |
| Female | 43.6 | 55.9 | |
| Race/Ethnicity (%) | |||
| Non-Hispanic white | 62.9 | 72.3 | .02 |
| Non-Hispanic black | 18.9 | 14.8 | |
| Hispanic | 18.2 | 12.9 | |
| BMI [kg/m2] (%) | |||
| <30 | 42.9 | 43.5 | .87 |
| ≥30 | 57.1 | 56.5 | |
| Diagnosed hypertension (%) | 72.3 | 60.6 | <.01 |
| Diagnosed high cholesterol (%) | 52.8 | 59.8 | .08 |
| Smoking status (%) | |||
| Never | 39.9 | 50.7 | .01 |
| Former | 37.4 | 31.7 | |
| Current | 22.7 | 17.7 | |
| On ACE inhibitors/ARB (%) | 15.3 | 10.4 | .02 |
| Vitamin D (%) | |||
| <20 ng/mL | 53.2 | 47.0 | .03 |
| 20 to 29 ng/mL | 37.2 | 36.4 | |
| ≥30 ng/mL | 9.6 | 16.6 |
*P calculated using χ2 tests.
BMI, Body Mass Index; ACE, angiotensin-converting enzyme; ARB, angiotensin II type 1 receptor blockers.