Description of Studies
| Author | Setting | EHR Used | Study Design | Patients Description | Physicians Description |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Gadd (2000) | Single center, university based, Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation department, Pittsburgh, PA | Epicare, commercial | Pre/post implementation for physicians’ perceptions; only postimplementation for patients Patients surveyed 6 months after implementation of EHR | Age 19 to 83 years (median, 45 years); 37% “unsophisticated” with computer use 165 surveys analyzed | 5 faculty (2 women, 3 men); average age, 37 years |
| Gadd (2001) | Single center, university based, Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, internal medicine, renal, pulmonary, geriatrics, ID, Pittsburgh, PA | Epicare, commercial | Physicians’ perception of patient satisfaction before and 6 months after EHR implementation | No patients characteristics described 124 encounters analyzed | 75 physicians (97%) before EHR implementation and 95 faculty (70%) after EHR implementation; average age, 40 years |
| Garrison (2002) | Single center, academic family medicine clinic, Midwest | In-house developed | Pre (2 years before EHR)/post | Patients with hypertension, dyslipidemia Mean age, 64 years 56.5% women Analyzed 200 before and 304 after EHR implementation | 33 (9 faculty, 24 residents) 2 nurse practitioners 3 years’ experience with EHR |
| Hsu (2005) | Single center, Kaiser Permanente, Portland, OR | Epic systems | Pre (2 months prior)/post (1 and 7 months after) | Mean age, 55 years 64% women 32% with college degree 107 before EHR implementation; 81 and 125 after implementation | 8 (out of 17 primary care physicians in internal medicine and family practice) Age not described |
| Johnson (2005) | Single center, Hospital-based pediatric teaching clinic | Clictate, non commercial, developed by author | Pre (historical)/post (1 year after EHR) survey | Pediatric population (<18 months) for well child exams Parents surveyed 149 encounters before EHR implementation; 221 encounters after implementation | Before implementation of EHR: 25% male, 44% PGY1 After implementation: 38% male, 21% PGY1 (both significantly different) |
| Joos (2006) | Single center Adult ambulatory primary care and urgent care clinic in an academic hospital; TN | Unknown | Cross-sectional Physicians’ perception of patient satisfaction | Not described | 46 (out of 70 physicians) 37% younger than 30 years of age 54% male Median of 5 years in practice |
| Rouf (2006) | VA system Primary care clinic NY | VA system, non commercial | Cross-sectional | Group faculty: mean age, 72 years; 100% male Group residents: mean age, 69.5 years; 93.5% male 6 patients/physician (internist) 155 analyzed | Faculty: 11 (out of 18); mean age, 42 years; 36% male; 6 years in practice Residents: 12 (out of 32); mean age, 30 years; 68% male; 2.2 years in practice |
EHR, electronic health record; ID, infectious disease; PGY1, postgraduate year 1; VA, Veterans Affairs.