Scores for the Referral Scenario Skills
| SIMmersion Items | Control | Experimental | t Statistic | P | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Pretest (mean [SD]) | Posttest (mean [SD]) | Pretest (mean [SD]) | Posttest (mean [SD]) | |||
| Advise | ||||||
| Clinician advised to reduce drinking | 4.22 (1.84) | 4.69 (1.22) | 3.73 (2.20) | 5.00 (0.00) | 1.670 | .098 |
| Clinician offered reasons for concern | 3.82 (2.14) | 4.90 (0.72) | 3.92 (2.08) | 4.65 (1.29) | 1.130 | .261 |
| Clinician discussed consequences | 2.16 (2.50) | 3.85 (2.12) | 2.06 (2.49) | 3.37 (2.37) | 1.020 | .309 |
| Assessment skills | ||||||
| Clinician asked about treatment history | 1.47 (2.30) | 0.83 (1.88) | 1.27 (2.20) | 0.81 (1.87) | 0.050 | .961 |
| Clinician asked about readiness to change | 2.06 (2.49) | 3.85 (2.12) | 1.27 (2.20) | 4.19 (1.87) | 0.790 | .433 |
| Negotiation skills | ||||||
| Clinician asked about joining AA group | 1.76 (2.41) | 3.23 (2.42) | 2.25 (2.51) | 2.21 (2.51) | 1.970 | .052 |
| Clinician asked about insurance | 0.20 (0.98) | 0.31 (1.22) | 0.20 (0.98) | 0.23 (1.07) | 0.330 | .742 |
| Clinician asked about willingness to receive alcohol assessment | 2.45 (2.52) | 4.69 (1.22) | 3.04 (2.47) | 4.30 (1.75) | 1.230 | .224 |
| Clinician scheduled alcohol assessment | 1.27 (2.20) | 1.25 (2.19) | 1.76 (2.41) | 1.98 (2.47) | 1.490 | .141 |
| Clinician asked to come for follow-up | 1.76 (2.41) | 2.40 (2.52) | 1.76 (2.41) | 3.37 (2.37) | 1.900 | .061 |
| Clinician asked about social support | 1.18 (2.14) | 1.67 (2.38) | 1.37 (2.25) | 2.09 (2.50) | 0.830 | .407 |
| Clinician offered continued support | 1.08 (2.08) | 3.44 (2.34) | 1.67 (2.38) | 3.72 (2.21) | 0.590 | .555 |
| Clinician tried to match referrals to preferences | 1.47 (2.30) | 4.48 (1.54) | 1.37 (2.25) | 4.30 (1.75) | 0.510 | .613 |
| Communication Skills | ||||||
| Clinician used open-ended questions | 2.75 (2.51) | 4.27 (1.78) | 2.16 (2.50) | 4.53 (1.47) | 0.770 | .446 |
| Clinician responded positively to resistance | 3.53 (2.30) | 4.90 (0.72) | 3.53 (2.30) | 4.77 (1.07) | 0.680 | .499 |
| Clinician was nonjudgmental | 4.41 (1.63) | 4.79 (1.01) | 4.31 (1.74) | 4.77 (1.07) | 0.110 | .912 |
| Clinician was empathic | 3.82 (2.14) | 4.38 (1.67) | 3.73 (2.20) | 4.65 (1.29) | 0.880 | .384 |
| Overall clinician performance | 4.12 (3.56) | 6.56 (3.29) | 3.53 (3.91) | 7.09 (3.82) | 0.710 | .478 |
The 17 clinical skills listed above received a score of 5 points if the learner successfully demonstrated skill. The remaining 15 points were based on the learners “overall clinical performance.”
AA, Alcoholics Anonymous.