Blood Pressure Characteristics and Antihypertensive Therapy Use by Race and Wave
| Wave 1 (1987) (n = 2460) | Wave 2 (1990) (n = 2423) | Wave 3 (1994) (n = 1938) | Wave 4 (1998) (n = 1097) | P* | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| African American (n = 1402) | White (n = 1058) | African American (n = 1385) | White (n = 1038) | African American (n = 1123) | White (n = 815) | African American (n = 624) | White (n = 473) | ||
| Systolic BP (mean [SD]) | 149.2 (19.6) | 150.3 (19.2) | 145.4 (22.0) | 145.1 (20.2) | 146.9 (23.3) | 147.1 (22.2) | 144.7 (22.5) | 145.2 (21.3) | .3792 |
| Diastolic BP (mean [SD]) | 82.9 (12.1) | 80.1 (12.0) | 79.3 (12.7) | 77.1 (11.4) | 76.4 (13.9) | 73.7 (12.6) | 74.2 (12.4) | 71.1 (13.7) | <.0001 |
| BP control status (n [%]) | |||||||||
| Controlled | 359 (25.6) | 238 (22.5) | 517 (37.3) | 391 (37.7) | 388 (34.6) | 259 (31.8) | 271 (43.4) | 177 (37.4) | .1478 |
| Stage 1 HTN | 635 (45.3) | 515 (48.7) | 399 (28.8) | 314 (30.3) | 283 (25.2) | 235 (28.8) | 184 (29.5) | 163 (34.5) | .0018 |
| Stage 2 HTN | 408 (29.1) | 305 (28.8) | 309 (22.3) | 196 (18.9) | 275 (24.5) | 180 (22.1) | 144 (23.1) | 102 (21.6) | .2408 |
| Missing | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 160 (11.6) | 137 (13.2) | 177 (15.8) | 141 (17.3) | 25 (4.0) | 31 (6.6) | .0997 |
| Antihypertensive single medication therapy (n [%]) | |||||||||
| ACE inhibitors | 3 (0.2) | 7 (0.7) | 27 (1.9) | 15 (1.4) | 23 (2.0) | 30 (3.7) | 23 (3.7) | 20 (4.2) | .2247 |
| Diuretics | 459 (32.7) | 280 (26.5) | 324 (23.4) | 194 (18.7) | 227 (20.2) | 117 (14.4) | 125 (20.0) | 63 (13.3) | <.0001 |
| Beta-blockers | 47 (3.4) | 79 (7.5) | 32 (2.3) | 68 (6.6) | 16 (1.4) | 39 (4.8) | 21 (3.4) | 23 (4.9) | <.0001 |
| Calcium channel blockers | 10 (0.7) | 31 (2.9) | 37 (2.7) | 45 (4.3) | 69 (6.1) | 65 (8.0) | 71 (11.4) | 41 (8.7) | NA† |
| Other antihypertensive medications (n [%]) | 220 (15.7) | 101 (9.5) | 155 (11.2) | 76 (7.3) | 89 (7.9) | 38 (4.7) | 48 (7.7) | 20 (4.2) | <.0001 |
| Diuretics + other antihypertensive agents (n [%]) | 145 (10.3) | 68 (6.4) | 121 (8.7) | 61 (5.9) | 70 (6.2) | 25 (3.1) | 30 (4.8) | 21 (4.4) | NA† |
* P indicates differences in respondent characteristics between African Americans and whites and is obtained from gneralized estimating equations.
† P indicates there is a differential effect over time (significant interaction of race by time) in which differences in characteristics vary across time. Therefore, no main effects model can be presented (calcium channel blocker, P < .0001; diuretic combination therapy, P = .0059).
BP, blood pressure; HTN, hypertension; ACE, angiotensin-coverting enzyme.