Race or ethnicity (referent: non-Hispanic white) | | | |
Minority | 0.95 | 0.84 | 1.08 |
Age (referent: ≥85 years) | | | |
65 to 69 | 1.71 | 1.51 | 1.95 |
70 to 74 | 1.87 | 1.65 | 2.12 |
75 to 79 | 1.68 | 1.50 | 1.89 |
80 to 84 | 1.42 | 1.26 | 1.60 |
Educational attainment (referent: at least high school) | | | |
Less than high school | 0.91 | 0.83 | 0.99 |
Residence (referent: nonmetropolitan residence) | | | |
Metropolitan area | 1.17 | 1.00 | 1.36 |
Income (referent: >$25,000) | | | |
≤$25,000 | 0.85 | 0.78 | 0.92 |
Functional health (3-point scale) | | | |
1 point decrease | 0.91 | 0.87 | 0.94 |
Self-rated health (5-point scale) | | | |
1 point decrease | 1.06 | 1.02 | 1.10 |
Living situation (referent: married or cohabitating) | | | |
Lives alone | 1.15 | 1.06 | 1.25 |
Respondent (referent: participant) | | | |
Proxy | 0.64 | 0.56 | 0.73 |
Supplemental insurance (referent: private) | | | |
None | 0.67 | 0.61 | 0.74 |
Medicaid | 1.06 | 0.93 | 1.21 |
Survey year (referent: 4) | | | |
1 | 0.79 | 0.71 | 0.88 |
2 | 1.05 | 0.93 | 1.18 |
3 | 1.06 | 0.94 | 1.19 |
Number of primary care office visits (referent: none) | | | |
1 to 2 | 2.56 | 2.29 | 2.85 |
At least 3 | 4.29 | 3.84 | 4.79 |
Sex (referent: male) | | | |
Female | 1.04 | 0.96 | 1.13 |