Race or ethnicity (referent: non-Hispanic white) | | | |
Minority | 0.94 | 0.76 | 1.17 |
Age (referent: ≥85 years) | | | |
65 to 69 | 4.39 | 3.43 | 5.61 |
70 to 74 | 4.00 | 3.14 | 5.08 |
75 to 79 | 2.90 | 2.23 | 3.77 |
80 to 84 | 2.03 | 1.59 | 2.59 |
Educational attainment (referent: at least high school) | | | |
Less than high school | 0.76 | 0.66 | 0.88 |
Residence (referent: nonmetropolitan residence) | | | |
Metropolitan area | 1.14 | 0.96 | 1.35 |
Income (referent: >$25,000) | | | |
≤$25,000 | 0.75 | 0.65 | 0.88 |
Functional health (3-point scale) | | | |
1 point decrease | 0.90 | 0.84 | 0.97 |
Self-rated health (5-point scale) | | | |
1 point decrease | 0.85 | 0.79 | 0.91 |
Living situation (referent: married or cohabitating) | | | |
Lives alone | 1.19 | 1.02 | 1.38 |
Respondent (referent: participant) | | | |
Proxy | 0.83 | 0.57 | 1.20 |
Supplemental insurance (referent: private) | | | |
None | 0.78 | 0.62 | 0.98 |
Medicaid | 0.69 | 0.53 | 0.89 |
Survey year (referent: 4) | | | |
1 | 0.84 | 0.72 | 0.99 |
2 | 1.01 | 0.85 | 1.21 |
3 | 1.06 | 0.88 | 1.29 |
Number of primary care office visits (referent: none) | | | |
1 to 2 | 4.55 | 3.53 | 5.87 |
At least 3 | 6.90 | 5.33 | 8.93 |